of the guard

scurra, ae, m.

Orig., an elegant, town-bred man; a fine gentleman, gallant, dandy:

tu urbanus vero scurra, deliciae popli, Rus mihi tu objectas?

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 14; cf. (opp. militaris) id. Ep. 1, 1, 13; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17.—Also of an elegant debauchee, Cic. Sest. 17, 39; Auct. Har. Resp. 20, 42.—

Transf.

A city buffoon, droll, jester (usually in the suite of wealthy persons, and accordingly a kind of parasite;

syn.: sannio, parasitus): urbani assidui cives, quos scurras vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165; id. Poen. 3, 2, 35; 5, 5, 2; id. Truc. 2, 6, 10; Cic. Quint. 3, 11; id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; id. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14: Hor. S. 1, 5, 52, 1, 8, 11; id. Ep. 1, 15, 28; 1, 18, 4; Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 20.—Zeno sarcastically called Socrates scurra Atticus, Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 93:

Sabinus Asilius, venustissimus inter rhetores scurra,

Sen. Suas. 2, 12.—Of the clown in a pantomime, Juv. 13, 111.—Prov.:

vetus est: De scurrā multo facilius divitem quam patremfamilias fieri posse,

Cic. Quint. 17, 55. —

In the times of the later emperors, one of the guard, a soldier of the guard, a guardsman, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 61; 62 fin.; id. Heliog. 33; Treb. Poll. Trig. Tyr. 30.

ēmissārĭus, ii, m. [id.; sent out, put forth; hence],

An emissary, scout, spy, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8 Ascon.; 2, 3, 40; id. Fam. 7, 2, 3; Vell. 2, 18 fin.; Suet. Galb. 15; id. Dom. 11.—

Transf., in eccl. Lat.

An attendant, one of the guard, Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 17.—

Caper emissarius, the scapegoat, sent to bear the sins of the people to the wilderness, Vulg. Levit. 16, 8 al.—

In botany, a young branch, a shoot, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208.

căvĕo, cāvi, cautum, (2 d pers. sing. scanned cavĕs, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 19; imper. cavĕ, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Capt. 2, 3, 71; id. Most. 1, 4, 13 et saep.: Cat. 50, 19; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Prop. 1, 7, 25; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 435; old sup. CAVĬTVM, C. I. L. 1, 200, 6 sq.), 3, v. n. and a. [root SKOF- or KOF-, to be wary; whence Gr. thuoskoos, akouô, etc.; Lat. causa, cura; cf. also Germ. scheuen; Engl. shy], to be on one ' s guard, either for one's self or (more rarely) for another; hence,

In gen., with and without sibi, to be on one ' s guard, to take care, take heed, beware, guard against, avoid, = phulassomai, and the Fr. se garder, prendre garde, etc.; constr., absol., with ub, and in a course of action with ne or ut (also ellipt. with the simple subj.); or, as in Greek, with acc. (= phulassomai ti); hence also pass. and with inf., and once with cum.

Absol.:

qui consulte, docte, atque astute cavet,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:

faciet, nisi caveo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

ego cavebo,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 12; 1, 1, 45:

erunt (molesti) nisi cavetis. Cautum est, inquit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; Quint. 8, 3, 47:

cum animum attendisset ad cavendum,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; Suet. Claud. 37:

metues, doctusque cavebis,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 68.—Esp. freq. in the warning cave, look out! be careful! Ter. And. 1, 2, 34; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 51; Hor. C. 1, 14, 16; Ov. M. 2, 89.—

With ab and abl.:

eo mi abs te caveo cautius,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 42; id. Ps. 1, 5, 59; 4, 7, 128:

si abs te modo uno caveo,

id. Most. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 44:

sibi ab eo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 87:

navis Aps quă cavendum nobis sane censeo,

id. Men. 2, 2, 70:

pater a me petiit Ut mihi caverem a Pseudolo servo suo,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 108:

a crasso infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 53:

ille Pompeium monebat, ut meam domum metueret, atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133:

caveo ab homine impuro,

id. Phil. 12, 10, 25:

a Cassio,

Suet. Calig. 57:

a veneno,

Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64:

ab insidiis,

Sall. J. 108, 2:

monitum ut sibi ab insidiis Rufini caveret,

App. Mag. 87, p. 329, 16; id. M. 2, p. 117, 3.—

With the simple abl.:

caveo malo,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 39:

infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 48: id. Cas. 2, 6, 59; id. Men. 1, 2, 13; id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

ipsus sibi cavit loco,

i. e. got out of the way, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 12.—

With cum (rare):

Hercle, mihi tecum cavendum est,

with you, I must look out for myself, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 21.—

With adversus, Quint. 9, 1, 20. —

Followed by a final clause.

With ne, to take heed that... not, to be on one ' s guard lest: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet;

cum etiam cavet, etiam cum cavisse ratus est, saepe is cautor captus est,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5 and 6:

caves, ne videat, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

ego me scio cavisse, ne ulla merito contumelia Fieri a nobis posset,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 20; Afran. ap. Non. p. 111, 14; Lucr. 4, 1141:

cavete, judices, ne nova... proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Div. 2, 40, 84; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4; 11, 21, 4; Sall. J. 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 37:

cave, ne,

Cat. 61, 152; Hor. C. 3, 7, 24; id. S. 2, 3, 177; id. Ep. 1, 6, 32; 1, 13, 19; Ov. M. 2, 89; 10, 685:

cave sis, ne,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 215:

caveto ne,

Cato, R. R. 5, 6:

caveas, ne,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 80:

caveant, ne,

id. A. P. 244:

cavendum est, ne,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 140; Quint. 4, 3, 8; 12, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 67; Quint. 9, 4, 23; 5, 11, 27.—

With ut ne (rare):

quod ut ne accidat cavendum est,

Cic. Lael. 26, 99.—

With a simple subj.; so only imper.: cave or cavete (cf. age), beware of, take care not, etc.:

cave geras,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

dixeris,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 12:

faxis cave,

id. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38:

sis,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 29:

contingas,

Lucr. 2, 755:

despuas,

Cat. 50, 19:

ignoscas,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

existimes,

id. Fam. 9, 24, 4:

putes,

id. ib. 10, 12, 1 al.—Rarely with 1 st pers.:

cave posthac, si me amas, umquam istuc verbum ex te audiam,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—With 3 d pers.:

resciscat quisquam,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 37:

te fratrum misereatur,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

roget te,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 75:

cave quisquam flocci fecerit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 5:

armis concurrant arma cavete,

Verg. A. 11, 293.—And like age, cave with a verb in plur.:

cave dirumpatis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 117.—

With ut, to take care that:

cauto opu'st, Ut sobrie hoc agatur,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 29; cf.

D. 2, infra: tertium est, ut caveamus, ut ea, quae, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 141:

quaero quid sit, quod... tam accurate caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui dent, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

caverat sibi ille adulter omnium ut suorum scelerum socium te adjutoremque praebeas,

id. Pis. 12, 28; Liv. 3, 10, 14; Plin. Pan. 39, 1:

cavebitur ut, etc.,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. under II. A.—Very rarely with ut omitted, take care to, be sure to (late Lat.):

sed heus tu... cave regrediare cenā maturius,

App. M. 2, p. 122, 32; 2, p. 124, [p. 306] 35.—

As act.

With acc. of pers. or thing against which warning is given or beed taken, to guard against, to be aware of, to beware of, etc.:

profecto quid nunc primum caveam, nescio,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 104:

tu, quod cavere possis, stultum admittere'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 23:

caveamus fulminis ictum,

Lucr. 6, 406: cave canem, Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320;

v. canis: interventum alicujus,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 1:

omnia,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

me,

id. Dom. 11, 28:

vallum caecum fossasque,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28:

quam sit bellum cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

vim atque opes,

Tac. A. 11, 1; cf. Suet. Tib. 72:

male praecinctum puerum,

id. Caes. 456:

periculum,

id. ib. 81; id. Galb. 19:

insidias,

id. Caes. 86; Tac. A. 13, 13:

exitum,

Suet. Tib. 83:

annum,

id. Ner. 40:

maculas,

Hor. A. P. 353:

jurgia,

Ov. A. A. 1, 591:

hunc tu caveto,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 85:

proditorem,

Quint. 7, 1, 30:

hoc caverat mens provida Reguli,

had prevented, Hor. C. 3, 5, 13:

cave quicquam,

be a little careful, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 61.—

Pass.: quid cavendum tibi censere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 22:

cavenda est etiam gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

cetera, quae quidem consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur,

id. Att. 10, 16, 2; Quint. 8, 2, 2; 9, 4, 143; 11, 3, 27 (cf. id. 6, 5, 2):

in hoc pestifero bello cavendo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:

quod multis rationibus caveri potest,

id. Off. 2, 24, 84; Sall. J. 67, 2:

prius quod cautum oportuit, Postquam comedit rem, post rationem putat,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 14:

ego tibi cautum volo,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

satis cautum tibi ad defensionem fore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35, § 88:

quid quisque vitet, nunquam homini satis Cautum est,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 14:

id modo simul orant ac monent, ut ipsis ab invidiā caveatur,

Liv. 3, 52, 11; cf.

B. 1. supra: cauto opus est,

care must be taken, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 64; id. Most. 4, 2, 21; id. Merc. 2, 3, 133.—

With inf.:

in quibus cave vereri ( = noli),

Cic. Att. 3, 17, 3:

caveret id petere a populo Romano, quod, etc.,

Sall. J. 64, 2:

caveto laedere,

Cat. 50, 21:

occursare capro caveto,

Verg. E. 9, 25:

commisisse cavet, quod, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 168:

cave Spem festinando praecipitare meam,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 139:

ut pedes omnino caveant tinguere,

Plin. 8, 42, 68, § 169.

Esp.

Law t. t., to take care for, provide, order something, legally, or (of private relations) to order, decree, dispose of in writing, by will, to stipulate, etc.:

cum ita caverent, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31:

duae sunt praeterea leges de sepulcris, quarum altera privatorum aedificiis, altera ipsis sepulcris cavet,

id. Leg. 2, 24, 61:

cautum est in Scipionis legibus ne plures essent, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cautum est lege XII. Tab., ut, etc.,

Plin. 16, 5, 6, § 15:

cavebatur ut, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 1;

so,

id. ib. 65; id. Tib. 75:

quae legibus cauta sunt,

Quint. 5, 10, 13:

aliā in lege cautum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 119:

cautum est de numero,

Suet. Caes. 10; cf. id. Aug. 40:

heredi caveri,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 120; cf. id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

si hoc, qui testamentum faciebat, cavere noluisset,

id. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

testamento cavere ut dies natalis ageretur,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; cf. Suet. Aug. 59; id. Dom. 9; id. Tib. 50:

sibi se privatim nihil cavere... militibus cavendum, quod apud patres semel plebi, iterum legionibus cautum sit ne fraudi secessio esset,

to make conditions, stipulate, Liv. 7, 41, 2.—

In the lang. of business.

Cavere ab aliquo, to make one ' s self secure, to procure bail or surety:

tibi ego, Brute, non solvam, nisi prius a te cavero, amplius, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 5, 18; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 55; cf. infra 2.; and cautio, II.—So absol.:

quid ita Flavio sibi cavere non venit in mentem,

to take security, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 35.—

To make one secure by bail or surety (either written or oral), to give security, to guarantee (cf. supra 1., and cautio;

syn.: spondeo, cautionem praesto),

Cic. Clu. 59, 162; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142:

pecunia, quam mihi Stichus Titii servus caverat,

Dig. 46, 3, 89:

cavere summam,

ib. 29, 2, 97:

chirographum,

ib. 46, 3, 89:

cautionem,

ib. 46, 8, 6:

civitates obsidibus de pecuniā cavent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

quoniam de obsidibus inter se cavere non possent,

id. ib. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 9, 42; 24, 2:

cavere capite pro re aliquā,

Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38:

jurejurando et chirographo de eā re,

Suet. Calig. 12:

cavere in duplum,

id. Aug. 41; Tac. A. 6, 17.—Rarely, cavere personae publicae, to give security before a public authority, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 3.—

In boxing, etc., to parry, to ward off a blow:

adversos ictus cavere ac propulsare,

Quint. 9, 1, 20; 5, 13, 54; cf. id. 9, 4, 8; 4, 2, 26.—

Cavere alicui.

To keep something from one, to protect, have a care for, make safe, take care of (cf.:

prohibeo, defendo, provideo): scabiem pecori et jumentis caveto,

Cato, R. R. 5, 7:

melius ei cavere volo, quam ipse aliis solet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 3:

mihi meisque,

id. Top. 1, 4; id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

veterani, quibus hic ordo diligentissime caverat,

id. Phil. 1, 2, 6; cf.: qui in Oratore tuo caves tibi per Brutum, Caes. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

quique aliis cavit, non cavet ipsi sibi,

Ov. A. A. 1, 84:

securitati,

Suet. Tit. 6:

concordiae publicae,

Vell. 2, 48, 5; Petr. 133; Sil. 8, 493.—

Affirmatively, to take care for, attend to a thing for a person, provide: Ba. Haec ita me orat sibi qui caveat aliquem ut hominem reperiam... Id, amabo te, huic caveas. Pi. Quid isti caveam? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 8; 1, 1, 10; cf. I. C. 3. supra.—Hence, cautus, a, um, P. a.

Neutr., careful, circumspect, wary, cautious, provident (syn.: providus, prudens;

class. in prose and poetry): ut cautus est, ubi nihil opu'st,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 3:

parum cauti providique,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117:

cauti in periculis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

in scribendo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3:

in credendo,

id. Att. 10, 9, 3:

in verbis serendis,

Hor. A. P. 46:

mensor,

Ov. M. 1, 136:

mariti,

id. ib. 9, 751:

lupus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 50:

vulpes,

id. ib. 1, 1, 73 et saep.:

quem certi homines monuerunt, ut cautior esset,

Cic. Sest. 18, 41:

dubium cautior an audentior,

Suet. Caes. 58.—Constr. with ad:

ad praesentius malum cautiores,

Liv. 24, 32, 3; Tib. 1, 9, 46; Quint. 6, 1, 20. —With adversus:

parum cautus adversus colloquii fraudem,

Liv. 38, 25, 7.—With erga:

erga bona sua satis cautus,

Curt. 10, 1, 40.—With contra:

contra quam (fortunam) non satis cauta mortalitas est,

Curt. 8, 4, 24.—With inf.:

cautum dignos assumere,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 51.—With gen.:

rei divinae,

Macr. S. 1, 15.—

Transf. to inanimate things:

consilium,

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 6; Tac. A. 11, 29:

cautissima senectus,

id. H. 2, 76:

pectus,

Prop. 3 (4), 5, 8:

manus,

Ov. F. 2, 336:

terga,

id. Tr. 1, 9, 20:

arma,

Sil. 14, 188:

timor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 65.— Subst.: cauta, ōrum, n.:

legum,

the provisions, Cassiod. Var. 5, 14.—

Pass. (acc. to I. B. 1., and II. B.), made safe, secured:

cautos nominibus rectis expendere nummos,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105:

cautus ab incursu belli,

Luc. 4, 409: quo mulieri esset res cautior ( that her property might be made more secure), curavit, ut, etc., Cic. Caecin. 4, 11.—

Trop., safe, secure (rare):

in eam partem peccare, quae est cautior,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

(civitates) murorum firmitate cautissimae,

Amm. 14, 8, 13.— Adv.: cau-tē.

(Acc. to caveo, I. A.) Cautiously:

caute et cogitate rem tractare,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 46:

pedetentimque dicere,

Cic. Clu. 42, 118:

et cum judicio,

Quint. 10, 2, 3 et saep. — Comp., Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; Quint. 2, 15, 21; 9, 2, 76; Hor. C. 1, 8, 10 al.— Sup., Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3.—

(Acc. to caveo, I. B. 1.) With security, cautiously, Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

aliter nec caute nec jure fieri potest,

id. Att. 15, 17, 1.

căvĕo, cāvi, cautum, (2 d pers. sing. scanned cavĕs, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 19; imper. cavĕ, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Capt. 2, 3, 71; id. Most. 1, 4, 13 et saep.: Cat. 50, 19; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Prop. 1, 7, 25; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 435; old sup. CAVĬTVM, C. I. L. 1, 200, 6 sq.), 3, v. n. and a. [root SKOF- or KOF-, to be wary; whence Gr. thuoskoos, akouô, etc.; Lat. causa, cura; cf. also Germ. scheuen; Engl. shy], to be on one ' s guard, either for one's self or (more rarely) for another; hence,

In gen., with and without sibi, to be on one ' s guard, to take care, take heed, beware, guard against, avoid, = phulassomai, and the Fr. se garder, prendre garde, etc.; constr., absol., with ub, and in a course of action with ne or ut (also ellipt. with the simple subj.); or, as in Greek, with acc. (= phulassomai ti); hence also pass. and with inf., and once with cum.

Absol.:

qui consulte, docte, atque astute cavet,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:

faciet, nisi caveo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

ego cavebo,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 12; 1, 1, 45:

erunt (molesti) nisi cavetis. Cautum est, inquit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; Quint. 8, 3, 47:

cum animum attendisset ad cavendum,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; Suet. Claud. 37:

metues, doctusque cavebis,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 68.—Esp. freq. in the warning cave, look out! be careful! Ter. And. 1, 2, 34; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 51; Hor. C. 1, 14, 16; Ov. M. 2, 89.—

With ab and abl.:

eo mi abs te caveo cautius,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 42; id. Ps. 1, 5, 59; 4, 7, 128:

si abs te modo uno caveo,

id. Most. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 44:

sibi ab eo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 87:

navis Aps quă cavendum nobis sane censeo,

id. Men. 2, 2, 70:

pater a me petiit Ut mihi caverem a Pseudolo servo suo,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 108:

a crasso infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 53:

ille Pompeium monebat, ut meam domum metueret, atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133:

caveo ab homine impuro,

id. Phil. 12, 10, 25:

a Cassio,

Suet. Calig. 57:

a veneno,

Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64:

ab insidiis,

Sall. J. 108, 2:

monitum ut sibi ab insidiis Rufini caveret,

App. Mag. 87, p. 329, 16; id. M. 2, p. 117, 3.—

With the simple abl.:

caveo malo,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 39:

infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 48: id. Cas. 2, 6, 59; id. Men. 1, 2, 13; id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

ipsus sibi cavit loco,

i. e. got out of the way, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 12.—

With cum (rare):

Hercle, mihi tecum cavendum est,

with you, I must look out for myself, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 21.—

With adversus, Quint. 9, 1, 20. —

Followed by a final clause.

With ne, to take heed that... not, to be on one ' s guard lest: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet;

cum etiam cavet, etiam cum cavisse ratus est, saepe is cautor captus est,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5 and 6:

caves, ne videat, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

ego me scio cavisse, ne ulla merito contumelia Fieri a nobis posset,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 20; Afran. ap. Non. p. 111, 14; Lucr. 4, 1141:

cavete, judices, ne nova... proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Div. 2, 40, 84; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4; 11, 21, 4; Sall. J. 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 37:

cave, ne,

Cat. 61, 152; Hor. C. 3, 7, 24; id. S. 2, 3, 177; id. Ep. 1, 6, 32; 1, 13, 19; Ov. M. 2, 89; 10, 685:

cave sis, ne,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 215:

caveto ne,

Cato, R. R. 5, 6:

caveas, ne,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 80:

caveant, ne,

id. A. P. 244:

cavendum est, ne,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 140; Quint. 4, 3, 8; 12, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 67; Quint. 9, 4, 23; 5, 11, 27.—

With ut ne (rare):

quod ut ne accidat cavendum est,

Cic. Lael. 26, 99.—

With a simple subj.; so only imper.: cave or cavete (cf. age), beware of, take care not, etc.:

cave geras,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

dixeris,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 12:

faxis cave,

id. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38:

sis,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 29:

contingas,

Lucr. 2, 755:

despuas,

Cat. 50, 19:

ignoscas,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

existimes,

id. Fam. 9, 24, 4:

putes,

id. ib. 10, 12, 1 al.—Rarely with 1 st pers.:

cave posthac, si me amas, umquam istuc verbum ex te audiam,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—With 3 d pers.:

resciscat quisquam,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 37:

te fratrum misereatur,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

roget te,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 75:

cave quisquam flocci fecerit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 5:

armis concurrant arma cavete,

Verg. A. 11, 293.—And like age, cave with a verb in plur.:

cave dirumpatis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 117.—

With ut, to take care that:

cauto opu'st, Ut sobrie hoc agatur,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 29; cf.

D. 2, infra: tertium est, ut caveamus, ut ea, quae, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 141:

quaero quid sit, quod... tam accurate caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui dent, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

caverat sibi ille adulter omnium ut suorum scelerum socium te adjutoremque praebeas,

id. Pis. 12, 28; Liv. 3, 10, 14; Plin. Pan. 39, 1:

cavebitur ut, etc.,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. under II. A.—Very rarely with ut omitted, take care to, be sure to (late Lat.):

sed heus tu... cave regrediare cenā maturius,

App. M. 2, p. 122, 32; 2, p. 124, [p. 306] 35.—

As act.

With acc. of pers. or thing against which warning is given or beed taken, to guard against, to be aware of, to beware of, etc.:

profecto quid nunc primum caveam, nescio,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 104:

tu, quod cavere possis, stultum admittere'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 23:

caveamus fulminis ictum,

Lucr. 6, 406: cave canem, Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320;

v. canis: interventum alicujus,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 1:

omnia,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

me,

id. Dom. 11, 28:

vallum caecum fossasque,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28:

quam sit bellum cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

vim atque opes,

Tac. A. 11, 1; cf. Suet. Tib. 72:

male praecinctum puerum,

id. Caes. 456:

periculum,

id. ib. 81; id. Galb. 19:

insidias,

id. Caes. 86; Tac. A. 13, 13:

exitum,

Suet. Tib. 83:

annum,

id. Ner. 40:

maculas,

Hor. A. P. 353:

jurgia,

Ov. A. A. 1, 591:

hunc tu caveto,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 85:

proditorem,

Quint. 7, 1, 30:

hoc caverat mens provida Reguli,

had prevented, Hor. C. 3, 5, 13:

cave quicquam,

be a little careful, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 61.—

Pass.: quid cavendum tibi censere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 22:

cavenda est etiam gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

cetera, quae quidem consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur,

id. Att. 10, 16, 2; Quint. 8, 2, 2; 9, 4, 143; 11, 3, 27 (cf. id. 6, 5, 2):

in hoc pestifero bello cavendo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:

quod multis rationibus caveri potest,

id. Off. 2, 24, 84; Sall. J. 67, 2:

prius quod cautum oportuit, Postquam comedit rem, post rationem putat,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 14:

ego tibi cautum volo,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

satis cautum tibi ad defensionem fore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35, § 88:

quid quisque vitet, nunquam homini satis Cautum est,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 14:

id modo simul orant ac monent, ut ipsis ab invidiā caveatur,

Liv. 3, 52, 11; cf.

B. 1. supra: cauto opus est,

care must be taken, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 64; id. Most. 4, 2, 21; id. Merc. 2, 3, 133.—

With inf.:

in quibus cave vereri ( = noli),

Cic. Att. 3, 17, 3:

caveret id petere a populo Romano, quod, etc.,

Sall. J. 64, 2:

caveto laedere,

Cat. 50, 21:

occursare capro caveto,

Verg. E. 9, 25:

commisisse cavet, quod, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 168:

cave Spem festinando praecipitare meam,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 139:

ut pedes omnino caveant tinguere,

Plin. 8, 42, 68, § 169.

Esp.

Law t. t., to take care for, provide, order something, legally, or (of private relations) to order, decree, dispose of in writing, by will, to stipulate, etc.:

cum ita caverent, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31:

duae sunt praeterea leges de sepulcris, quarum altera privatorum aedificiis, altera ipsis sepulcris cavet,

id. Leg. 2, 24, 61:

cautum est in Scipionis legibus ne plures essent, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cautum est lege XII. Tab., ut, etc.,

Plin. 16, 5, 6, § 15:

cavebatur ut, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 1;

so,

id. ib. 65; id. Tib. 75:

quae legibus cauta sunt,

Quint. 5, 10, 13:

aliā in lege cautum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 119:

cautum est de numero,

Suet. Caes. 10; cf. id. Aug. 40:

heredi caveri,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 120; cf. id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

si hoc, qui testamentum faciebat, cavere noluisset,

id. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

testamento cavere ut dies natalis ageretur,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; cf. Suet. Aug. 59; id. Dom. 9; id. Tib. 50:

sibi se privatim nihil cavere... militibus cavendum, quod apud patres semel plebi, iterum legionibus cautum sit ne fraudi secessio esset,

to make conditions, stipulate, Liv. 7, 41, 2.—

In the lang. of business.

Cavere ab aliquo, to make one ' s self secure, to procure bail or surety:

tibi ego, Brute, non solvam, nisi prius a te cavero, amplius, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 5, 18; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 55; cf. infra 2.; and cautio, II.—So absol.:

quid ita Flavio sibi cavere non venit in mentem,

to take security, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 35.—

To make one secure by bail or surety (either written or oral), to give security, to guarantee (cf. supra 1., and cautio;

syn.: spondeo, cautionem praesto),

Cic. Clu. 59, 162; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142:

pecunia, quam mihi Stichus Titii servus caverat,

Dig. 46, 3, 89:

cavere summam,

ib. 29, 2, 97:

chirographum,

ib. 46, 3, 89:

cautionem,

ib. 46, 8, 6:

civitates obsidibus de pecuniā cavent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

quoniam de obsidibus inter se cavere non possent,

id. ib. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 9, 42; 24, 2:

cavere capite pro re aliquā,

Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38:

jurejurando et chirographo de eā re,

Suet. Calig. 12:

cavere in duplum,

id. Aug. 41; Tac. A. 6, 17.—Rarely, cavere personae publicae, to give security before a public authority, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 3.—

In boxing, etc., to parry, to ward off a blow:

adversos ictus cavere ac propulsare,

Quint. 9, 1, 20; 5, 13, 54; cf. id. 9, 4, 8; 4, 2, 26.—

Cavere alicui.

To keep something from one, to protect, have a care for, make safe, take care of (cf.:

prohibeo, defendo, provideo): scabiem pecori et jumentis caveto,

Cato, R. R. 5, 7:

melius ei cavere volo, quam ipse aliis solet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 3:

mihi meisque,

id. Top. 1, 4; id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

veterani, quibus hic ordo diligentissime caverat,

id. Phil. 1, 2, 6; cf.: qui in Oratore tuo caves tibi per Brutum, Caes. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

quique aliis cavit, non cavet ipsi sibi,

Ov. A. A. 1, 84:

securitati,

Suet. Tit. 6:

concordiae publicae,

Vell. 2, 48, 5; Petr. 133; Sil. 8, 493.—

Affirmatively, to take care for, attend to a thing for a person, provide: Ba. Haec ita me orat sibi qui caveat aliquem ut hominem reperiam... Id, amabo te, huic caveas. Pi. Quid isti caveam? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 8; 1, 1, 10; cf. I. C. 3. supra.—Hence, cautus, a, um, P. a.

Neutr., careful, circumspect, wary, cautious, provident (syn.: providus, prudens;

class. in prose and poetry): ut cautus est, ubi nihil opu'st,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 3:

parum cauti providique,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117:

cauti in periculis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

in scribendo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3:

in credendo,

id. Att. 10, 9, 3:

in verbis serendis,

Hor. A. P. 46:

mensor,

Ov. M. 1, 136:

mariti,

id. ib. 9, 751:

lupus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 50:

vulpes,

id. ib. 1, 1, 73 et saep.:

quem certi homines monuerunt, ut cautior esset,

Cic. Sest. 18, 41:

dubium cautior an audentior,

Suet. Caes. 58.—Constr. with ad:

ad praesentius malum cautiores,

Liv. 24, 32, 3; Tib. 1, 9, 46; Quint. 6, 1, 20. —With adversus:

parum cautus adversus colloquii fraudem,

Liv. 38, 25, 7.—With erga:

erga bona sua satis cautus,

Curt. 10, 1, 40.—With contra:

contra quam (fortunam) non satis cauta mortalitas est,

Curt. 8, 4, 24.—With inf.:

cautum dignos assumere,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 51.—With gen.:

rei divinae,

Macr. S. 1, 15.—

Transf. to inanimate things:

consilium,

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 6; Tac. A. 11, 29:

cautissima senectus,

id. H. 2, 76:

pectus,

Prop. 3 (4), 5, 8:

manus,

Ov. F. 2, 336:

terga,

id. Tr. 1, 9, 20:

arma,

Sil. 14, 188:

timor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 65.— Subst.: cauta, ōrum, n.:

legum,

the provisions, Cassiod. Var. 5, 14.—

Pass. (acc. to I. B. 1., and II. B.), made safe, secured:

cautos nominibus rectis expendere nummos,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105:

cautus ab incursu belli,

Luc. 4, 409: quo mulieri esset res cautior ( that her property might be made more secure), curavit, ut, etc., Cic. Caecin. 4, 11.—

Trop., safe, secure (rare):

in eam partem peccare, quae est cautior,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

(civitates) murorum firmitate cautissimae,

Amm. 14, 8, 13.— Adv.: cau-tē.

(Acc. to caveo, I. A.) Cautiously:

caute et cogitate rem tractare,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 46:

pedetentimque dicere,

Cic. Clu. 42, 118:

et cum judicio,

Quint. 10, 2, 3 et saep. — Comp., Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; Quint. 2, 15, 21; 9, 2, 76; Hor. C. 1, 8, 10 al.— Sup., Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3.—

(Acc. to caveo, I. B. 1.) With security, cautiously, Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

aliter nec caute nec jure fieri potest,

id. Att. 15, 17, 1.

custōdĭa, ae, f. [id.], a watching, watch, guard, care, protection (freq. and [p. 505] class.).

In gen.

Lit.:

in tuam custodiam meque et meas spes trado,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 59:

agitare custodiam,

to keep guard, id. Rud. 3, 6, 20:

iis impedimentis custodiae ac praesidio VI. milia hominum unā reliquerunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 29:

sub hospitum privatorum custodiā esse,

Liv. 42, 19, 5:

tam fida canum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

pastoris,

Col. 8, 4, 3:

paedagogorum,

Quint. 1, 2, 25:

dura matrum,

care, oversight, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 22 et saep.:

navium longarum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 39:

ignis (Vestae),

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29:

urbis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 17; 2, 36; Liv. 5, 10, 4; cf.:

urbis, sui,

Suet. Aug. 49:

corporis,

id. Galb. 12:

illa (sc. pontis),

Nep. Milt. 3, 2:

portus, Auct. B. Alex. 17: cum in ejusdem anni custodiā te atque L. Murenam fortuna posuisset,

Cic. Mur. 31, 64:

aliquid privatā custodiā continere,

id. Sull. 15, 42:

circum familias conventus Campaniae custodiae causā distribuit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14 fin.:

in muro custodiae causā conlocati,

id. ib. 1, 28;

Auct. B. Afr. 46: navis quae erat ad custodiam ab Acilio posita,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40:

tribunus adpositus custodiae (alicujus),

Tac. A. 1, 6:

ignaviam suam tenebrarum ac parietum custodiis tegere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

a cujus audaciā fratris liberos ne materni quidem corporis custodiae tegere potuissent,

id. Clu. 11, 31:

fida justitiae,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 113:

una fidelis memoriae rerum gestarum (litterae),

Liv. 6, 1, 2:

libertatis,

id. 4, 24, 4:

suae religionis,

Quint. 6, 1, 20:

decoris,

id. 11, 1, 57 et saep.—

Meton.

Usu. in plur. and in milit. lang., persons who serve as guards, a guard, watch, sentinel:

colonia meis praesidiis, custodiis, vigiliis munita,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 8; 2, 12, 26; id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 60:

neque clam transire propter custodias Menapiorum possent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 7, 19; 7, 27 et saep.—In sing. (collect.), Cat. 62, 33:

abest custodia regi,

Ov. M. 14, 371:

unicus anser erat, minimae custodia villae,

id. ib. 8, 684:

corporis,

a body-guard, Curt. 5, 1, 42.—

A place where guard is kept, a watch- or guard - house, watch - station:

haec (urbs) mea sedes est, haec vigilia, haec custodia,

Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24:

privata,

id. Sull. 15, 42:

in hac custodiā et tamquam speculā,

id. Phil. 7, 7, 19:

ceteri in custodiam conditi,

Tac. H. 4, 2.—In plur., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21—

With the access. idea of hindering free motion, a watching, guarding, custody, restraint, confinement.

Lit.:

nec cuiquam uni custodiam ejus (sc. Philopoemenis capti) satis credebant,

Liv. 39, 50, 2: quive (servi) inve ludum custodiamve conjecti fuerint, Gai Inst. 1, 13:

animal quod custodiam nostram evadit,

id. ib. 2, 67:

famulos vinclis atque custodiā... tueri,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 48. — Plur.:

in praedonum hostiumque custodias tantum numerum civium Romanorum includere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

libera,

private custody, confinement in one's house, Liv. 24, 45, 8; Vell. 1, 11 (cf.:

libero conclavi,

Liv. 39, 14, 9); and in plur.:

in liberis custodiis,

Sall. C. 47, 3; cf.

trop.: domi teneamus eam (eloquentiam), saeptam liberali custodiā,

Cic. Brut. 96, 330.—Perh. in a play upon the words libera custodia:

ut sis apud me ligneā in custodiā,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 28. —

Meton.

A place of confinement, a prison, hold:

Lentulus comprehenditur et in custodiā necatur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104 fin.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, §§ 68 and 69; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14; id. Div. 1, 25, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71 et saep. — Trop.:

corporis custodiis se liberare,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15.—

Persons in confinement, captives, prisoners (post-Aug.):

in recognoscendis custodiis,

Suet. Tib. 61; id. Dom. 14:

unus ex custodiarum agmine,

Sen. Ep. 77, 18.—Of a single person:

eādem catenā et custodiam et militem copulat,

Sen. Ep. 5, 7.

stătĭo, ōnis, f. [sto], a standing, a standing still.

Lit. (so very rare;

not in Cic.): navis, quae manet in statione,

remains standing, stands still, does not move, Lucr. 4, 388; so,

manere in statione,

id. 4, 396; 5, 478; 5, 518:

in statione locata nubila,

id. 6, 193: varas In statione manus et pugnae membra paravi, in a firm posture (for fighting), Ov. M. 9, 34:

numquam id (sidus) stationem facere,

stands still, Plin. 2, 17, 15, § 77:

stationes matutinas facere,

id. 2, 15, 12, § 59:

solus immobilem stationis gradum retinens,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 23:

terrae,

Manil. 2, 70.—

Trop., that which is established by custom or prescription, a transl. of the Gr. thematismos, Vitr. 1, 2, 5.—

Transf., in concr., a place where persons or things stay or abide, a station, post, an abode, residence.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

Athenis statio mea nunc placet,

Cic. Att. 6, 9, 5:

quā positus fueris in statione, mane,

Ov. F. 2, 674; cf. id. ib. 5, 719:

principio sedes apibus statioque petenda,

Verg. G. 4, 8:

apricis statio gratissima mergis,

id. A. 5, 128:

equorum,

i. e. a stall, Pall. 1, 21, 2; so,

jumentorum,

Dig. 7, 1, 13 fin.:

plerique in stationibus sedent tempusque audiendis fabulis conterunt,

in public places, Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2:

stationes circumeo,

id. ib. 2, 9, 5:

quod tabernas tris de domo suo circa forum civitatibus ad stationem locasset,

Suet. Ner. 37:

thermae, stationes, omne theatrum,

Juv. 11, 4; Gell. 13, 13, 1:

stationes municipiorum,

Plin. 16, 44, 86, § 236:

si ad stationem vel tabernam ventum sit,

Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 7:

stationes hibernae,

winter-quarters, Amm. 14, 1, 1.—

Poet., of things, place, position:

pone recompositas in statione comas,

in their place, Ov. Am. 1, 7, 68; id. A. A. 3, 434:

permutata rerum statione, Petr. poët. 120, 99: umoris,

Pall. 1, 43.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., a post, station (v. custodiae, vigilia):

cohortes ex statione et praesidio emissae,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42:

ii, qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant... Cohortes quae in stationibus erant, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 32; 5, 15; 6, 37;

6, 38: in stationem succedere,

to relieve, id. ib. 4, 32:

stationem inire,

Tac. A. 13, 35:

relinquere,

Verg. A. 9, 222:

deserere,

Suet. Aug. 24:

habere,

Liv. 35, 29:

quique primi transierant, in statione erant, dum traicerent ceteri,

on guard, Curt. 7, 5, 18.— Transf.: suis vicibus capiebant bina (lumina Argi) quietem;

Cetera servabant atque in statione manebant,

kept at their posts, Ov. M. 1, 627; 2, 115.— Trop.:

de praesidio et statione vitae decedere,

Cic. Sen. 20, 73:

functo longissimā statione mortali,

Vell. 2, 131, 2:

imperii statione relictā,

Ov. Tr. 2, 219; Vell. 2, 124, 2; Tac. Or. 17; Suet. Claud. 38.—

Transf., like our post, watch, guard, for those who are stationed to watch, who stand guard, sentries, sentinels, outposts, pickets:

ut stationes dispositas haberent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 7, 69 fin.:

ut minus intentae diurnae stationes ac nocturnae vigiliae essent,

Liv. 9, 24, 5; 25, 38, 16; cf. in sing.:

ad stationem Romanam in portā segniter agentem vigilias perveniunt,

id. 10, 32, 7:

dispositā statione per ripas Tiberis,

Suet. Tib. 72:

crebrae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 73:

custodiae stationesque equitum,

id. ib. 1, 59:

statione militum assumptā,

i. e. body-guard, lifeguard, Suet. Tib. 24; so,

militum,

id. Ner. 21; 34; 47.—

Transf., in gen., a station, office, position, in government, etc. (post-class.):

in hac statione, i. e. the imperial office,

Spart. Ael. Verr. 4:

statio imperatoria,

Lampr. Comm. 1:

Augusta,

Capitol. Clod. Alb. 2: regia, Vulc. 7; Capitol. Verr. 8.—

Naut. t. t., an anchorage, roadstead, road, bay, inlet (syn. portus), Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 2:

quietam nactus stationem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6; 3, 8; 1, 56 fin.; Liv. 10, 2, 6; 28, 6, 9; 31, 33, 3; Verg. G. 4, 421; id. A. 2, 23 al.—

A place of residence, a post, station of the fiscal officers of a province; also, for the officers themselves, Cod. Th. 12, 6, 19; Cod. Just. 4, 31, 1; 10, 5, 1; Inscr. Orell. 3207; 4107.—

A post-station, post-house, Inscr. Murat. 1015; Morcell. Stil. Inscr. Lat. 1, p. 421.—

A religious meeting, assembly of the Christians:

die stationis, nocte vigiliae meminerimus,

Tert. Or. 29:

stationes in vesperam producere,

id. adv. Psych. 1; so id. ib. 10; id. ad Ux. 2, 4.

vĭgĭlĭa, ae, f. ( neutr. collat. form vĭgĭ-lĭum, Varr. ap. Non. p. 232, 4) [vigil].

Lit.

In gen., wakefulness, sleeplessness, a lying awake:

ut neque vigilia praecesserit neque ventris resolutio,

Cels. 2, 6:

corporum robora nocturnā vigiliā minuere,

id. 1 init.:

cui non sunt auditae Demosthenis vigiliae?

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44; id. Par. prooem. § 5.—

In partic.

Lit., a keeping awake for the security of a place, esp. of a city or camp, a watching, watch, guard (cf.:

excubiae, statio): noctu vigilias agere ad aedes sacras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

vestra tecta custodiis vigiliisque defendite,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

exercitus stationibus vigiliisque fessus,

Liv. 5, 48, 6:

vigiles scutum in vigiliam ferre vetuit,

to take on guard, id. 44, 33, 8:

vigiliarum nocturnarum curam per urbem magistratibus mandavimus,

id. 39, 16, 12.—

Transf.

A watch, i. e. the time of keeping watch by night, among the Romans a fourth part of the night:

nox in quattuor vigilias dividitur, quae singulae trium horarum spatio supputantur,

Hier. Ep. 140, 8:

primā vigiliā capite arma frequentes,

Liv. 5, 44, 7; 10, 34, 13; 21, 27, 2:

cum puer tuus ad me secundā fere vigiliā venisset,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 4:

de tertiā vigiliā,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

tertiā vigiliā,

id. ib. 2, 33; Liv. 9, 44, 10:

de quartā vigiliā,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—

The watch, i. e. those standing on guard, watchmen, sentinels:

milites disponit, non certis spatiis intermissis sed perpetuis vigiliis stationibusque,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21; 2, 19; Cic. Mil. 25, 67; Sall. C. 32, 1; id. J. 45, 2; 100, 4; Liv. 39, 14, 10.—

A watching at religious festivals, nightly vigils:

Cereris vigiliae,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 36; 4, 10, 65.—

Trop., watchfulness, vigilance (the figure taken from military sentinels; perh. only in the foll. passages;

whereas vigilantia is far more freq.): ut vacuum metu populum Romanum nostrā vigiliā et prospicientiā redderemus,

Cic. Phil. 7, 7, 19; cf.:

quasi in vigiliā quādam consulari ac senatoriā,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: cupio jam vigiliam meam, Brute, tibi tradere: sed ita, ut ne desim constantiae meae, my post, i. e. my office, duty, id. Fam. 11, 24, 1.— Plur.: cum summis vigiliis aliquid perficere, Just. Inst. prooem. § 1.

* * *

mūnĭo (old form moenio, v. below), īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4 ( fut. munibis for munies, Veg. Vet. 1, 10, 5), v. a. [moenia, lit. to wall; hence], to build a wall around, to defend with a wall, to fortify, defend, protect, secure, put in a state of defence (class.).

Lit.:

arcem ad urbem obsidendam,

Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

palatium,

Liv. 1, 7:

locum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24, 3.—With abl.:

Alpibus Italiam munierat ante natura,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

domum praesidiis,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

castra vallo fossāque,

with palisades and a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

locum muro,

id. ib. 29.—With a homogeneous object, prov.:

magna moenis moenia,

you are undertaking a great thing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 73:

duovir urbis moeniendae,

Inscr. Orell. 7142.— Absol.: quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent, for fortifying, i. e. for use in the fortifications, Nep. Them. 6, 21; Hirt. B. G. 8, 31. —Also, to surround, guard, for the protection of other things: ignem ita munire ut non evagaretur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 7.—

Transf.

In gen., to defend, guard, secure, protect, shelter:

Pergamum divinā moenitum manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2:

hortum ab incursu hominum,

Col. 11, 3, 2:

spica contra avium morsūs munitur vallo aristarum,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

hieme quaternis tunicis et tibialibus muniebatur,

he defended, protected, covered himself, Suet. Aug. 82. —

To make a road, etc., i. e. to make passable by opening, repairing, or paving it:

quasi Appius Caecus viam munierit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

rupem,

Liv. 21, 37:

itinera,

Nep. Hann. 3, 4:

TEMPE MVNIVIT,

Inscr. Orell. 587. —

Trop.

To guard, secure, strengthen, support (cf.:

fulcio, sustineo): meretriculis Muniendis rem cogere,

to maintain, support, Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 54 (dub.; Speng. moenerandis; v. munero).— Am strengthening myself:

munio me ad haec tempora,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 2:

imperium,

to secure, Nep. Reg. 2, 2:

muniri adversus fraudes,

to secure one's self, Plin. 37, 13, 76, § 198 (dub. moneri, Jahn):

se contra ruborem,

Tac. Agr. 45:

se multorum benevolentiā,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

se contra perfidiam,

id. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

aliquid auctoritate,

Vell. 2, 127, 2:

domum terrore,

Plin. Pan. 48, 3.—

Munire viam, to make or open a way:

haec omnia tibi accusandi viam muniebant,

prepared the way for your accusation, Cic. Mur. 23, 48:

sibi viam ad stuprum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64.—Hence, mūnītus, a, um, P. a., defended, fortified, protected, secured, safe (class.):

nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem et audaciam posset esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39.— Neutr. plur. munita as subst.: munita viāi, fortification or breastwork of the mouth (cf. Homer. herkos odontôn), the lips, Lucr. 3, 498.— Comp.:

se munitiorem ad custodiendam vitam suam fore,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 3.— Sup.:

munitissima castra,

Caes. B. G. 4, 55.— Adv.: mūnītē, securely, safely (ante-class.):

munitius,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 141. Müll.

munĭo, ōnis, a false reading for nomionem, v. Orell. and Klotz, ad h. l.; Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251.

* * *

ăgo, egi, actum, 3, v. a. (axim = egerim, Pac. ap. Non. 505, 22; Paul. ex Fest. s. v. axitiosi, p. 3 Mull.;

axit = egerit,

Paul. Diac. 3, 3;

AGIER = agi,

Cic. Off. 3, 15;

agentum = agentium,

Vulc. Gall. Av. Cass. 4, 6) [cf. agô; Sanscr. ag, aghami = to go, to drive; agmas = way, train = ogmos; agis = race, contest = agôn; perh. also Germ. jagen, to drive, to hunt], to put in motion, to move (syn.: agitare, pellere, urgere).

Lit.

Of cattle and other animals, to lead, drive.

Absol.: agas asellum, Seip. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 258:

jumenta agebat,

Liv. 1, 48:

capellas ago,

Verg. E. 1, 13:

Pars quia non veniant pecudes, sed agantur, ab actu etc.,

Ov. F. 1, 323:

caballum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 36.—

With acc. of place, prep., sup., or inf.:

agere bovem Romam,

Curt. 1, 45:

equum in hostem,

id. 7, 4:

Germani in amnem aguntur,

Tac. H. 5, 21:

acto ad vallum equo,

id. A. 2, 13:

pecora per calles,

Curt. 7, 11:

per devia rura capellas,

Ov. M. 1, 676:

pecus pastum,

Varr. L. L. 6, 41, p. 88 Mull.:

capellas potum age,

Verg. E. 9, 23:

pecus egit altos Visere montes,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 7.—

Of men, to drive, lead, conduct, impel.

Absol.:

agmen agens equitum,

Verg. A. 7, 804.—

With prep., abl., or inf.:

vinctum ante se Thyum agebat,

Nep. Dat. 3:

agitur praeceps exercitus Lydorum in populos,

Sil. 4, 720:

(adulteram) maritus per omnem vicum verbere agit,

Tac. G. 19; Suet. Calig. 27:

captivos prae se agentes,

Curt. 7, 6; Liv. 23, 1:

acti ante suum quisque praedonem catenati,

Quint. 8, 3, 69:

captivos sub curribus agere,

Mart. 8, 26:

agimur auguriis quaerere exilia,

Verg. A. 3, 5;

and simple for comp.: multis milibus armatorum actis ex ea regione = coactis,

Liv. 44, 31.— In prose: agi, to be led, to march, to go:

quo multitudo omnis consternata agebatur,

Liv. 10, 29: si citius agi vellet agmen, that the army would move, or march on quicker, id. 2, 58:

raptim agmine acto,

id. 6, 28; so id. 23, 36; 25, 9.— Trop.:

egit sol hiemem sub terras,

Verg. G. 4, 51:

poemata dulcia sunto Et quocumque volent animum auditoris agunto,

lead the mind, Hor. A. P. 100. —Hence, poet.: se agere, to betake one's self, i. e. to go, to come (in Plaut. very freq.;

also in Ter., Verg., etc.): quo agis te?

where are you going? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 294:

unde agis te?

id. Most. 1, 4, 28; so id. ib. 3, 1, 31; id. Mil. 3, 2, 49; id. Poen. 1, 2, 120; id. Pers. 4, 3, 13; id. Trin. 4, 3, 71:

quo hinc te agis?

where are you going, Ter. And. 4, 2, 25:

Ecce gubernator sese Palinurus agebat,

was moving along, Verg. A. 6, 337:

Aeneas se matutinus agebat,

id. ib. 8, 465:

is enim se primus agebat,

for he strode on in front, id. ib. 9, 696.—Also without se:

Et tu, unde agis?

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 20:

Quo agis?

id. Pers. 2, 2, 34:

Huc age,

Tib. 2, 5, 2 (unless age is here to be taken with veni at the end of the line).—

To drive or carry off (animals or men), to steal, rob, plunder (usually abigere):

Et redigunt actos in sua rura boves,

Ov. F. 3, 64.—So esp. freq. of men or animals taken as booty in war, while ferre is used of portable things; hence, ferre et agere (as in Gr. agein kai pherein, Hom. Il. 5, 484; and reversed, pherein kai agein, in Hdt. and Xen.; cf.:

rapiunt feruntque,

Verg. A. 2, 374:

rapere et auferre,

Cic. Off. 1, 14), in gen., to rob, to plunder: res sociorum ferri agique vidit, Liv. 22, 3:

ut ferri agique res suas viderunt,

id. 38, 15; so id. 3, 37;

so also: rapere agereque: ut ex alieno agro raperent agerentque,

Liv. 22, 1, 2; but portari atque agi means to bear and carry, to bring together, in Caes. B. C. 2, 29 (as pherein kai agein in Plat. Phaedr. 279, C):

ne pulcram praedam agat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 3:

urbes, agros vastare, praedas agere,

Sall. J. 20, 8; 32, 3:

pecoris et mancipiorum praedas,

id. ib. 44, 5;

so eccl. Lat.: agere praedas de aliquo,

Vulg. Jud. 9, 16; ib. 1 Reg. 27, 8; cf. Gron. Obs. 3, 22, 633.—

To chase, pursue, press animals or men, to drive about or onwards in flight (for the usual agitare).

Of animals:

apros,

Verg. G. 3, 412:

cervum,

id. A. 7, 481; cf. id. ib. 4, 71:

citos canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

feros tauros,

Suet. Claud. 21.—

Of men:

ceteros ruerem, agerem,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21 (= prosequerer, premerem, Don.):

ita perterritos egerunt, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12:

Demoleos cursu palantis Troas agebat,

Verg. A. 5, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 574:

aliquem in exsilium,

Liv. 25, 2; so Just. 2, 9, 6; 16, 4, 4; 17, 3, 17;

22, 1, 16 al.: aliquem in fugam,

id. 16, 2, 3.—

Of inanimate or abstract objects, to move, impel, push forwards, advance, carry to or toward any point:

quid si pater cuniculos agat ad aerarium?

lead, make, Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:

egisse huc Alpheum vias,

made its way, Verg. A. 3, 695:

vix leni et tranquillo mari moles agi possunt,

carry, build out, Curt. 4, 2, 8:

cloacam maximam sub terram agendam,

to be carried under ground, Liv. 1, 56;

so often in the histt., esp. Caes. and Livy, as t. t., of moving forwards the battering engines: celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis,

pushed forwards, up, Caes. B. G. 2, 12 Herz.; so id. ib. 3, 21; 7, 17; id. B. C. 2, 1; Liv. 8, 16:

accelerant acta pariter testudine Volsci,

Verg. A. 9, 505 al.:

fugere colles campique videntur, quos agimus praeter navem, i. e. praeter quos agimus navem,

Lucr. 4, 391:

in litus passim naves egerunt,

drove the ships ashore, Liv. 22, 19:

ratem in amnem,

Ov. F. 1, 500:

naves in advorsum amnem,

Tac. H. 4, 22.— Poet.: agere navem, to steer or direct a ship, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 114; so,

agere currum,

to drive a chariot, Ov. M. 2, 62; 2, 388 al.—

To stir up, to throw out, excite, cause, bring forth (mostly poet.):

scintillasque agere ac late differre favillam,

to throw out sparks and scatter ashes far around, Lucr. 2, 675:

spumas ore,

Verg. G. 3, 203; so Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66:

piceum Flumen agit,

Verg. A. 9, 814:

qui vocem cubantes sensim excitant, eandemque cum egerunt, etc.,

when they have brought it forth, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251. —Hence, animam agere, to expel the breath of life, give up the ghost, expire:

agens animam spumat,

Lucr. 3, 493:

anhelans vaga vadit, animam agens,

Cat. 63, 31:

nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

Hortensius, cum has litteras scripsi, animam agebat,

id. Fam. 8, 13, 2; so Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

eodem tempore et gestum et animam ageres,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 8:

Est tanti habere animam ut agam?

Sen. Ep. 101, 12; and with a play upon words: semper agis causas et res agis, Attale, semper. Est, non est, quod agas, Attale, semper agis. Si res et causae desunt, agis, Attale, mulas;

Attale, ne quod agas desit, agas animam,

Mart. 1, 80.—

Of plants, to put forth or out, to shoot, extend:

(salices) gemmas agunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, 30:

florem agere coeperit ficus,

Col. R. R. 5, 10, 10:

frondem agere,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 45:

se ad auras palmes agit,

Verg. G. 2, 364:

(platanum) radices trium et triginta cubitorum egisse,

Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 15:

per glebas sensim radicibus actis,

Ov. M. 4, 254; so id. ib. 2, 583:

robora suas radices in profundum agunt,

Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 127.—Metaph.:

vera gloria radices agit,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

pluma in cutem radices egerat imas,

Ov. M. 2, 582.

Trop.

Spec., to guide, govern:

Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur,

Verg. A. 1, 574; cf. Forbig. ad h. 1., who considers it the only instance of this use, and compares a similar use of agô; v. L. and S. s. v. II. 2.—

In gen., to move, impel, excite, urge to a thing, to prompt or induce to:

si quis ad illa deus te agat,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 24:

una plaga ceteros ad certamen egit,

Liv. 9, 41; 8, 7; 39, 15: quae te, germane, furentem Mens agit in facinus? Ov. M. 5, 14:

totis mentibus acta,

Sil. 10, 191:

in furorem agere,

Quint. 6, 1, 31:

si Agricola in ipsam gloriam praeceps agebatur,

Tac. Agr. 41:

provinciam avaritia in bellum egerat,

id. A. 14, 32.—

To drive, stir up, excite, agitate, rouse vehemently (cf. agito, II.):

me amor fugat, agit,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 8:

agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3:

perpetua naturalis bonitas, quae nullis casibus neque agitur neque minuitur,

Nep. Att. 9, 1 Brem.:

opportunitas, quae etiam mediocres viros spe praedae transvorsos agit,

i. e. leads astray, Sall. J. 6, 3; 14, 20; so Sen. Ep. 8, 3.— To pursue with hostile intent, to persecute, disturb, vex, to attack, assail (for the usu. agitare; mostly poet.):

reginam Alecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi,

Verg. A. 7, 405:

non res et agentia (i. e. agitantia, vexantia) verba Lycamben,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 25:

acerba fata Romanos agunt,

id. Epod 7, 17:

diris agam vos,

id. ib. 5, 89:

quam deus ultor agebat,

Ov. M. 14, 750:

futurae mortis agor stimulis,

Luc. 4, 517; cf. Matth. ad Cic. Mur. § 21.—

To drive at something, to pursue a course of action, i. e. to make something an object of action; either in the most general sense, like the Engl. do and the Gr. prattein, for every kind of mental or physical employment; or, in a more restricted sense, to exhibit in external action, to act or perform, to deliver or pronounce, etc., so that after the act is completed nothing remains permanent, e. g. a speech, dance, play, etc. (while facere, to make, poiein, denotes the production of an object which continues to exist after the act is completed; and gerere, the performance of the duties of an office or calling).—On these significations, v. Varr. 6, 6, 62, and 6, 7, 64, and 6, 8, 72.—For the more restricted signif. v. Quint. 2, 18, 1 sq.; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 7, 12; Hab. Syn. 426.

In the most gen. signif., to do, act, labor, in opp. to rest or idleness.

With the gen. objects, aliquid, nihil, plus, etc.:

numquam se plus agere quam nihil cum ageret,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 (cf. with this, id. Off. 3, 1: numquam se minus otiosum esse quam cum otiosus esset): mihi, qui nihil agit, esse omnino non videtur. id. N. D. 2, 16, 46:

post satietatem nihil (est) agendum,

Cels. 1, 2.—Hence,

Without object:

aliud agendi tempus, aliud quiescendi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 53, 132; Juv. 16, 49:

agendi tempora,

Tac. H. 3, 40:

industria in agendo, celeritas in conficiendo,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 29.—

In colloquial lang., to do, to fare, get on: quid agis? what are you doing? M. Tulli, quid agis? Cic. Cat. 1, 11:

Quid agis?

What's your business? Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 9; also, How goes it with you? How are you? ti pratteis, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 20; Cic. Fam. 7, 11 al.; Hor. S. 1, 9, 4:

vereor, quid agat,

how he is, Cic. Att. 9, 17:

ut sciatis, quid agam,

Vulg. Ephes. 6, 21:

prospere agit anima tua,

fares well, ib. 3 Joan. 2:

quid agitur?

how goes it with you? how do you do? how are you? Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 17; 1, 5, 42; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 40:

Quid intus agitur?

is going on, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 20; id. Ps. 1, 5, 42 al.—

With nihil or non multum, to do, i. e. to effect, accomplish, achieve nothing, or not much (orig. belonging to colloquial lang., but in the class. per. even in oratorical and poet. style): nihil agit;

collum obstringe homini,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 29:

nihil agis,

you effect nothing, it is of no use, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 12:

nihil agis, dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61 Kuhn.; Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 10: cupis, inquit, abire; sed nihil agis;

usque tenebo,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 15:

[nihil agis,] nihil assequeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15 B. and K.:

ubi blanditiis agitur nihil,

Ov. M. 6, 685: egerit non multum, has not done much, Curt. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 29; cf. Ruhnk. ad Rutil. Lup. p. 120.—

In certain circumstances, to proceed, do, act, manage (mostly belonging to familiar style): Thr. Quid nunc agimus? Gn. Quin redimus, What shall we do now? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 41:

hei mihi! quid faciam? quid agam?

what shall I do? how shall I act? id. Ad. 5, 3, 3:

quid agam, habeo,

id. And. 3, 2, 18 (= quid respondeam habeo, Don.) al.:

sed ita quidam agebat,

was so acting, Cic. Lig. 7, 21: a Burro minaciter actum, Burrus [p. 75] proceeded to threats, Tac. A. 13, 21.—

To pursue, do, perform, transact (the most usual signif. of this word; in all periods; syn.: facere, efficere, transigere, gerere, tractare, curare): cui quod agat institutumst nullo negotio id agit, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 254 Vahl.): ut quae egi, ago, axim, verruncent bene, Pac. ap. Non. 505, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 114 Rib.):

At nihil est, nisi, dum calet, hoc agitur,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 92:

Ut id agam, quod missus huc sum,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 44: homines quae agunt vigilantes, agitantque, ea si cui in somno accidunt, minus mirum est, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

observabo quam rem agat,

what he is going to do, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 114:

Id quidem ago,

That is what I am doing, Verg. E. 9, 37:

res vera agitur,

Juv. 4, 35:

Jam tempus agires,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

utilis rebus agendis,

Juv. 14, 72:

grassator ferro agit rem,

does the business with a dagger, id. 3, 305; 6, 659 (cf.:

gladiis geritur res,

Liv. 9, 41):

nihil ego nunc de istac re ago,

do nothing about that matter, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 8:

postquam id actumst,

after this is accomplished, id. Am. 1, 1, 72; so,

sed quid actumst?

id. Ps. 2, 4, 20:

nihil aliud agebam nisi eum defenderem,

Cic. Sull. 12:

ne quid temere ac fortuitu, inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

id. Off. 1, 29:

agamus quod instat,

Verg. E. 9, 66:

renuntiaverunt ei omnia, quae egerant,

Vulg. Marc. 6, 30; ib. Act. 5, 35:

suum negotium agere,

to mind one's business, attend to one's own affairs, Cic. Off. 1, 9; id. de Or. 3, 55, 211; so,

ut vestrum negotium agatis,

Vulg. 1 Thess. 4, 11:

neque satis Bruto constabat, quid agerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

postquam res in Africa gestas, quoque modo actae forent, fama divolgavit,

Sall. J. 30, 1:

sed tu delibera, utrum colloqui malis an per litteras agere quae cogitas,

Nep. Con. 3, 8 al. —With the spec. idea of completing, finishing: jucundi acti labores, a proverb in Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105.—

To pursue in one's mind, to drive at, to revolve, to be occupied with, think upon, have in view, aim at (cf. agito, II. E., volvo and voluto):

nescio quid mens mea majus agit,

Ov. H. 12, 212:

hoc variis mens ipsa modis agit,

Val. Fl. 3, 392:

agere fratri proditionem,

Tac. H. 2, 26:

de intranda Britannia,

id. Agr. 13.—

With a verbal subst., as a favorite circumlocution for the action indicated by the subst. (cf. in Gr. agô with verbal subst.):

rimas agere (sometimes ducere),

to open in cracks, fissures, to crack, Cic. Att. 14, 9; Ov. M. 2, 211; Luc. 6, 728: vos qui regalis corporis custodias agitis, keep watch over, guard, Naev. ap. Non. 323, 1; so Liv. 5, 10:

vigilias agere,

Cic. Verr. 4, 43, 93; Nep. Thras. 4; Tac. H. 3, 76:

excubias alicui,

Ov. F. 3, 245:

excubias,

Tac. H. 4, 58:

pervigilium,

Suet. Vit. 10:

stationem agere,

to keep guard, Liv. 35, 29; Tac. H. 1, 28:

triumphum agere,

to triumph, Cic. Fam. 3, 10; Ov. M. 15, 757; Suet. Dom. 6:

libera arbitria agere,

to make free decisions, to decide arbitrarily, Liv. 24, 45; Curt. 6, 1, 19; 8, 1, 4:

paenitentiam agere,

to exercise repentance, to repent, Quint. 9, 3, 12; Petr. S. 132; Tac. Or. 15; Curt. 8, 6, 23; Plin. Ep. 7, 10; Vulg. Lev. 5, 5; ib. Matt. 3, 2; ib. Apoc. 2, 5:

silentia agere,

to maintain silence, Ov. M. 1, 349:

pacem agere,

Juv. 15, 163:

crimen agere,

to bring accusation, to accuse, Cic. Verr. 4, 22, 48:

laborem agere,

id. Fin. 2, 32:

cursus agere,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 95:

delectum agere,

to make choice, to choose, Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 107; Quint. 10, 4, 5:

experimenta agere,

Liv. 9, 14; Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 18:

mensuram,

id. 15, 3, 4, § 14:

curam agere,

to care for, Ov. H. 15, 302; Quint. 8, prooem. 18:

curam ejus egit,

Vulg. Luc. 10, 34:

oblivia agere,

to forget, Ov. M. 12, 540:

nugas agere,

to trifle, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 29; id. As. 1, 1, 78, and often:

officinas agere,

to keep shop, Inscr. Orell. 4266.—So esp.: agere gratias ( poet. grates; never in sing. gratiam), to give thanks, to thank; Gr. charin echein ( habere gratiam is to be or feel grateful; Gr. charin eidenai; and referre gratiam, to return a favor, requite; Gr. charin apodidonai; cf. Bremi ad Nep. Them. 8, 7):

diis gratias pro meritis agere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26:

Haud male agit gratias,

id. Aul. 4, 4, 31:

Magnas vero agere gratias Thais mihi?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 1:

Dis magnas merito gratias habeo atque ago,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 80: Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter, Cic. Fam. 1, 10: immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam;

nam relaturum me adfirmare non possum,

id. ib. 10, 11, 1: maximas tibi omnes gratias agimus, C. Caesar;

majores etiam habemus,

id. Marcell. 11, 33:

Trebatio magnas ago gratias, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 11, 28, 8: renuntiate gratias regi me agere;

referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37: grates tibi ago, summe Sol, vobisque, reliqui Caelites, * Cic. Rep. 6, 9:

gaudet et invito grates agit inde parenti,

Ov. M. 2, 152; so id. ib. 6, 435; 484; 10, 291; 681; 14, 596; Vulg. 2 Reg. 8, 10; ib. Matt. 15, 36 al.;

and in connection with this, laudes agere: Jovis fratri laudes ago et grates gratiasque habeo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:

Dianae laudes gratesque agam,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 2; so,

diis immortalibus laudesque et grates egit,

Liv. 26, 48:

agi sibi gratias passus est,

Tac. Agr. 42; so id. H. 2, 71; 4, 51; id. A. 13, 21; but oftener grates or gratis in Tac.:

Tiberius egit gratis benevolentiae patrum, A. 6, 2: agit grates,

id. H. 3, 80; 4, 64; id. A. 2, 38; 2, 86; 3, 18; 3, 24; 4, 15 al.—

Of time, to pass, spend (very freq. and class.): Romulus in caelo cum dis agit aevom, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; so Pac. id. ib. 2, 21, 49, and Hor. S. 1, 5, 101:

tempus,

Tac. H. 4, 62; id. A. 3, 16: domi aetatem, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6:

aetatem in litteris,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

senectutem,

id. Sen. 3, 7; cf. id. ib. 17, 60:

dies festos,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48; Tac. G. 17:

otia secura,

Verg. G. 3, 377; Ov. F. 1, 68; 4, 926:

ruri agere vitam,

Liv. 7, 39, and Tac. A. 15, 63:

vitam in terris,

Verg. G. 2, 538:

tranquillam vitam agere,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 2, 2:

Hunc (diem) agerem si,

Verg. A. 5, 51:

ver magnus agebat Orbis,

id. G. 2, 338:

aestiva agere,

to pass, be in, summer quarters, Liv. 27, 8; 27, 21; Curt. 5, 8, 24.— Pass.:

menses jam tibi esse actos vides,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 2:

mensis agitur hic septimus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 34, and Ov. M. 7, 700:

melior pars acta (est) diei,

Verg. A. 9, 156; Juv. 4, 66; Tac. A. 15, 63:

acta est per lacrimas nox,

Ov. H. 12, 58 Ruhnk.:

tunc principium anni agebatur,

Liv. 3, 6:

actis quindecim annis in regno,

Just. 41, 5, 9:

Nona aetas agitur,

Juv. 13, 28 al. —With annus and an ordinal, to be of a certain age, to be so old:

quartum annum ago et octogesimum,

am eighty-four years old, Cic. Sen. 10, 32:

Annum agens sextum decimum patrem amisit,

Suet. Caes. 1.—Metaph.: sescentesimum et quadragesimum annum urbs nostra agebat, was in its 640 th year, Tac. G. 37.— Hence also absol. (rare), to pass or spend time, to live, to be, to be somewhere:

civitas laeta agere,

was joyful, Sall. J. 55, 2:

tum Marius apud primos agebat,

id. ib. 101, 6:

in Africa, qua procul a mari incultius agebatur,

id. ib. 89, 7:

apud illos homines, qui tum agebant,

Tac. A. 3, 19:

Thracia discors agebat,

id. ib. 3, 38:

Juxta Hermunduros Naristi agunt,

Tac. G. 42:

ultra jugum plurimae gentes agunt,

id. ib. 43:

Gallos trans Padum agentes,

id. H. 3, 34:

quibus (annis) exul Rhodi agit,

id. A. 1, 4:

agere inter homines desinere,

id. ib. 15, 74:

Vitellius non in ore volgi agere,

was not in the sight of the people, id. H. 3, 36:

ante aciem agere,

id. G. 7; and:

in armis agere,

id. A. 14, 55 = versari.—

In the lang. of offerings, t. t., to despatch the victim, to kill, slay. In performing this rite, the sacrificer asked the priest, agone, shall I do it? and the latter answered, age or hoc age, do it:

qui calido strictos tincturus sanguine cultros semper, Agone? rogat, nec nisi jussus agit,

Ov. F. 1. 321 (cf. agonia and agonalia):

a tergo Chaeream cervicem (Caligulae) gladio caesim graviter percussisse, praemissa voce,

hoc age, Suet. Calig. 58; id. Galb. 20. —This call of the priest in act of solemn sacrifice, Hoc age, warned the assembled multitude to be quiet and give attention; hence hoc or id and sometimes haec or istuc agere was used for, to give attention to, to attend to, to mind, heed; and followed by ut or ne, to pursue a thing, have it in view, aim at, design, etc.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 1, 2, 15, and Suet. Calig. 58: hoc agite, Plaut. As. prol. init.:

Hoc age,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 152; id. Ep. 1, 6, 31:

Hoc agite, of poetry,

Juv. 7, 20:

hoc agamus,

Sen. Clem. 1, 12:

haec agamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49:

agere hoc possumus,

Lucr. 1, 41; 4, 969; Juv. 7, 48:

hoccine agis an non? hoc agam,

id. ib., Ter. And. 1, 2, 15; 2, 5, 4:

nunc istuc age,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 3 al.:

Hoc egit civis Romanus ante te nemo,

Cic. Lig. 4, 11:

id et agunt et moliuntur,

id. Mur. 38:

(oculi, aures, etc.) quasi fenestrae sunt animi, quibus tamen sentire nihil queat mens, nisi id agat et adsit,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: qui id egerunt, ut gentem... collocarent, aimed at this, that, etc., id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:

qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

keep it in view, that, id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis, an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?

id. Lig. 6, 18:

Hoc agit, ut doleas,

Juv. 5, 157:

Hoc age, ne mutata retrorsum te ferat aura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 88:

Quid tuus ille destrictus gladius agebat?

have in view, mean, Cic. Leg. 3, 9:

Quid aliud egimus nisi ut, quod hic potest, nos possemus?

id. ib. 4, 10:

Sin autem id actum est, ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur,

id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

certiorem eum fecit, id agi, ut pons dissolveretur,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

ego id semper egi, ne bellis interessem,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7.—Also, the opp.: alias res or aliud agere, not to attend to, heed, or observe, to pursue secondary or subordinate objects: Ch. Alias res agis. Pa. Istuc ago equidem, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 57; id. Hec. 5, 3, 28:

usque eo animadverti eum jocari atque alias res agere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22:

atqui vides, quam alias res agamus,

id. de Or. 3, 14, 51; id. Brut. 66, 233:

aliud agens ac nihil ejusmodi cogitans,

id. Clu. 64.—

In relation to public affairs, to conduct, manage, carry on, administer: agere bellum, to carry on or wage war (embracing the whole theory and practice of war, while bellum gerere designates the bodily and mental effort, and the bearing of the necessary burdens; and bellum facere, the actual outbreak of hostile feelings, v. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 28):

qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum agere instituerunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

Antiochus si tam in agendo bello parere voluisset consiliis ejus (Hannibalis) quam in suscipiendo instituerat, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3; Curt. 4, 10, 29:

aliena bella mercedibus agere,

Mel. 1, 16:

Bellaque non puero tractat agenda puer,

Ov. A. A. 1, 182 (also in id. Tr. 2, 230, Gron. Observ. 2, 3, 227, for the usu. obit, with one MS., reads agit; so Merkel).— Poet.:

Martem for bellum,

Luc. 4, 2: agere proelium, to give battle (very rare):

levibus proeliis cum Gallis actis,

Liv. 22, 9.—Of offices, employments, etc., to conduct, exercise, administer, hold:

forum agere,

to hold court, Cic. Fam. 8, 6; and:

conventus agere,

to hold the assizes, id. Verr. 5, 11, 28; Caes. B. G. 1, 54; 6, 44;

used of the governors of provinces: judicium agere,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120:

vivorum coetus agere,

to make assemblies of, to assemble, Tac. A. 16, 34:

censum agere,

Liv. 3, 22; Tac. A. 14, 46; Suet. Aug. 27:

recensum agere,

id. Caes. 41:

potestatem agere,

Flor. 1, 7, 2:

honorem agere,

Liv. 8, 26:

regnum,

Flor. 1, 6, 2:

rem publicam,

Dig. 4, 6, 35, § 8:

consulatum,

Quint. 12, 1, 16:

praefecturam,

Suet. Tib. 6:

centurionatum,

Tac. A. 1, 44:

senatum,

Suet. Caes. 88:

fiscum agere,

to have charge of the treasury, id. Dom. 12:

publicum agere,

to collect the taxes, id. Vesp. 1:

inquisitionem agere,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 18:

curam alicujus rei agere,

to have the management of, to manage, Liv. 6, 15; Suet. Claud. 18:

rei publicae curationem agens,

Liv. 4, 13: dilectum agere, to make a levy, to levy (postAug. for dilectum habere, Cic., Caes., Sall.), Quint. 12, 3, 5; Tac. A. 2, 16; id. Agr. 7 and 10; id. H. 2, 16, 12; Suet. Calig. 43. —

Of civil and political transactions in the senate, the forum, before tribunals of justice, etc., to manage or transact, to do, to discuss, plead, speak, deliberate; constr. aliquid or de aliqua re:

velim recordere, quae ego de te in senatu egerim, quae in contionibus dixerim,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2; 1, 9:

de condicionibus pacis,

Liv. 8, 37:

de summa re publica,

Suet. Caes. 28:

cum de Catilinae conjuratione ageretur in curia,

id. Aug. 94:

de poena alicujus,

Liv. 5, 36:

de agro plebis,

id. 1, 46.—Hence the phrase: agere cum populo, of magistrates, to address the people in a public assembly, for the purpose of obtaining their approval or rejection of a thing (while [p. 76] agere ad populum signifies to propose, to bring before the people):

cum populo agere est rogare quid populum, quod suffragiis suis aut jubeat aut vetet,

Gell. 13, 15, 10:

agere cum populo de re publica,

Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 12; id. Lael. 25, 96:

neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat neve cum populo agat,

Sall. C. 51, 43.—So also absol.:

hic locus (rostra) ad agendum amplissimus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1:

Metellus cum agere coepisset, tertio quoque verbo orationis suae me appellabat,

id. Fam. 5, 2.— Transf. to common life.

Agere cum aliquo, de aliquo or re or ut, to treat, deal, negotiate, confer, talk with one about a person or thing; to endeavor to persuade or move one, that, etc.: nihil age tecum (sc. cum odore vini);

ubi est ipsus (vini lepos)?

I have nothing to do with you, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 11:

Quae (patria) tecum, Catilina, sic agit,

thus pleads, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 18:

algae Inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo,

Juv. 4, 49:

haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant,

thus treated together, Verg. A. 11, 445:

de quo et praesens tecum egi diligenter, et scripsi ad te accurate antea,

Cic. Fam. 13, 75:

egi cum Claudia et cum vestra sorore Mucia, ut eum ab illa injuria deterrerent,

id. ib. 5, 2:

misi ad Metellum communes amicos, qui agerent cum eo, ut de illa mente desisteret,

id. ib. 5, 2:

Callias quidam egit cum Cimone, ut eam (Elpinicen) sibi uxorem daret,

Nep. Cim. 1, 3.—Also absol.:

Alcibiades praesente vulgo agere coepit,

Nep. Alc. 8, 2:

si qua Caesares obtinendae Armeniae egerant,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

ut Lucretius agere varie, rogando alternis suadendoque coepit,

Liv. 2, 2.—In Suet. once agere cum senatu, with acc. and inf., to propose or state to the Senate:

Tiberius egit cum senatu non debere talia praemia tribui,

Suet. Tib. 54.—

With the advv. bene, praeclare, male, etc., to deal well or ill with one, to treat or use well or ill:

facile est bene agere cum eis, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 14, 11:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade, si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, 3 ext.; Vulg. Jud. 9, 16:

praeclare cum aliquo agere,

Cic. Sest. 23:

Male agis mecum,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 21:

qui cum creditoribus suis male agat,

Cic. Quinct. 84; and:

tu contra me male agis,

Vulg. Jud. 11, 27.—Freq. in pass., to be or go well or ill with one, to be well or badly off:

intelleget secum actum esse pessime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50:

praeclare mecum actum puto,

id. Fam. 9, 24; so id. ib. 5, 18: exstat cujusdam non inscitus jocus bene agi potuisse cum rebus humanis, si Domitius pater talem habuisset uxorem, it would have gone well with human affairs, been well for mankind, if, etc., Suet. Ner. 28.—Also absol. without cum: agitur praeclare, si nosmet ipsos regere possumus, it is well done if, etc., it is a splendid thing if, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 14:

vivitur cum eis, in quibus praeclare agitur si sunt simulacra virtutis,

id. Off. 1, 15:

bene agitur pro noxia,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Of transactions before a court or tribunal.

Aliquid agere ex jure, ex syngrapha, ex sponso, or simply the abl. jure, lege, litibus, obsignatis tabellis, causa, to bring an action or suit, to manage a cause, to plead a case:

ex jure civili et praetorio agere,

Cic. Caecin. 12:

tamquam ex syngrapha agere cum populo,

to litigate, id. Mur. 17:

ex sponso egit,

id. Quint. 9: Ph. Una injuriast Tecum. Ch. Lege agito ergo, Go to law, then, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90:

agere lege in hereditatem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175; Ov. F. 1, 48; Liv. 9, 46:

cum illo se lege agere dicebat,

Nep. Tim. 5: summo jure agere, to assert or claim one's right to the full extent of the law, Cic. Off. 1, 11:

non enim gladiis mecum, sed litibus agetur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 4:

causa quam vi agere malle,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

tabellis obsignatis agis mecum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

Jure, ut opinor, agat, jure increpet inciletque,

with right would bring her charge, Lucr. 3, 963; so,

Castrensis jurisdictio plura manu agens,

settles more cases by force, Tac. Agr. 9:

ubi manu agitur,

when the case is settled by violent hands, id. G. 36.—

Causam or rem agere, to try or plead a case; with apud, ad, or absol.:

causam apud centumviros egit,

Cic. Caecin. 24:

Caesar cum ageret apud censores,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 10; so with adversus:

egi causam adversus magistratus,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 13, 11:

orator agere dicitur causam,

Varr. L. L. 6, 42: causam isto modo agere, Cic. Lig. 4, 10; Tac. Or. 5; 11; 14; Juv. 2, 51; 14, 132:

agit causas liberales,

Cic. Fam. 8, 9: qui ad rem agendam adsunt, M. Cael. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 51:

cum (M. Tullius) et ipsam se rem agere diceret,

Quint. 12, 10, 45: Gripe, accede huc;

tua res agitur,

is being tried, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 104; Quint. 8, 3, 13;

and extra-judicially: rogo ad Caesarem meam causam agas,

Cic. Fam. 5, 10:

Una (factio) populi causam agebat, altera optimatum,

Nep. Phoc. 3; so, agere, absol., to plead' ad judicem sic agi solet, Cic. Lig. 10:

tam solute agere, tam leniter,

id. Brut. 80:

tu istuc nisi fingeres, sic ageres?

id. ib. 80; Juv. 7, 143 and 144; 14, 32.— Transf. to common life; with de or acc., to discuss, treat, speak of:

Sed estne hic ipsus, de quo agebam?

of whom I was speaking, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53:

causa non solum exponenda, sed etiam graviter copioseque agenda est,

to be discussed, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 12; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37:

Samnitium bella, quae agimus,

are treating of, Liv. 10, 31.—Hence,

Agere aliquem reum, to proceed against one as accused, to accuse one, Liv. 4, 42; 24, 25; Tac. A. 14, 18:

reus agitur,

id. ib. 15, 20; 3, 13; and with the gen. of the crime, with which one is charged:

agere furti,

to accuse of theft, Cic. Fam. 7, 22:

adulterii cum aliquo,

Quint. 4, 4, 8:

injuriarum,

id. 3, 6, 19; and often in the Pandects.—

Pass. of the thing which is the subject of accusation, to be in suit or in question; it concerns or affects, is about, etc.:

non nunc pecunia, sed illud agitur, quomodo, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 67:

non capitis ei res agitur, sed pecuniae,

the point in dispute, id. Phorm. 4, 3, 26:

aguntur injuriae sociorum, agitur vis legum, agitur existimatio, veritasque judiciorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51:

si magna res, magna hereditas agetur,

id. Fin. 2, 17: qua de re agitur, what the point of dispute or litigation is, id. Brut. 79.—Hence, trop.,

Res agitur, the case is on trial, i. e. something is at stake or at hazard, in peril, or in danger:

at nos, quarum res agitur, aliter auctores sumus,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 72:

quasi istic mea res minor agatur quam tua,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113:

agitur populi Romani gloria, agitur salus sociorum atque amicorum, aguntur certissima populi Romani vectigalia et maxima, aguntur bona multorum civium,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

in quibus eorum aut caput agatur aut fama,

id. Lael. 17, 61; Nep. Att. 15, 2:

non libertas solum agebatur,

Liv. 28, 19; Sen. Clem. 1, 20 al.:

nam tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84 (= in periculo versatur, Lambin.):

agitur pars tertia mundi,

is at stake, I am in danger of losing, Ov. M. 5, 372.—

Res acta est, the case is over (and done for): acta haec res est;

perii,

this matter is ended, Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 3: hence, actum est de aliquo or aliqua re, it is all over with a person or thing:

actum hodie est de me,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 63:

jam de Servio actum,

Liv. 1, 47:

actum est de collo meo,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 4, 194.—So also absol.: actumst;

ilicet me infelicem,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 17:

si animus hominem pepulit, actumst,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 27; Ter. And. 3, 1, 7; Cic. Att. 5, 15:

actumst, ilicet, peristi,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 9: periimus;

actumst,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 3.—

Rem actam agere, to plead a case already finished, i. e. to act to no purpose:

rem actam agis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 27; id. Cist. 4, 2, 36; Liv. 28, 40; so,

actum or acta agere: actum, aiunt, ne agas,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 72; Cic. Att. 9, 18:

acta agimus,

id. Am. 22.—

To represent by external action, to perform, pronounce, deliver, etc.

Of an orator, Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 79:

quae sic ab illo acta esse constabat oculis, voce, gestu, inimici ut lacrimas tenere non possent,

id. ib. 3, 56, 214:

agere fortius et audentius volo,

Tac. Or. 18; 39.—

Of an actor, to represent, play, act:

Ipse hanc acturust Juppiter comoediam,

Plaut. Am. prol. 88; so,

fabulam,

Ter. Ad. prol. 12; id. Hec. prol. 22:

dum haec agitur fabula,

Plaut. Men. prol. 72 al.:

partis,

to have a part in a play, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

Ballionem illum cum agit, agit Chaeream,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7:

gestum agere in scaena,

id. de Or. 2, 57:

dicitur canticum egisse aliquanto magis vigente motu,

Liv. 7, 2 al. — Transf. to other relations, to represent or personate one, to act the part of, to act as, behave like: has partes lenitatis semper egi, Cic. Mur. 3:

egi illos omnes adulescentes, quos ille actitat,

id. Fam. 2, 9:

amicum imperatoris,

Tac. H. 1, 30:

exulem,

id. A. 1, 4:

socium magis imperii quam ministrum,

id. H. 2, 83:

senatorem,

Tac. A. 16, 28.—So of things poetically:

utrinque prora frontem agit,

serves as a bow, Tac. G. 44.—

Se agere = se gerere, to carry one's self, to behave, deport one's self:

tanta mobilitate sese Numidae agunt,

Sall. J. 56, 5:

quanto ferocius ante se egerint,

Tac. H. 3, 2 Halm:

qui se pro equitibus Romanis agerent,

Suet. Claud. 25:

non principem se, sed ministrum egit,

id. ib. 29:

neglegenter se et avare agere,

Eutr. 6, 9:

prudenter se agebat,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5:

sapienter se agebat,

ib. 4 Reg. 18, 7. —Also absol.:

seditiose,

Tac. Agr. 7:

facile justeque,

id. ib. 9:

superbe,

id. H. 2, 27:

ex aequo,

id. ib. 4, 64:

anxius et intentus agebat,

id. Agr. 5.—

Imper.: age, agite, Ter., Tib., Lucr., Hor., Ov., never using agite, and Catull. never age, with which compare the Gr. age, agete (also accompanied by the particles dum, eia, en, ergo, igitur, jam, modo, nuncjam, porro, quare, quin, sane, vero, verum, and by sis); as an exclamation.

In encouragement, exhortation, come! come on! (old Engl. go to!) up! on! quick! (cf. I. B. fin.).

In the sing.:

age, adsta, mane, audi, Enn. ap. Delr. Synt. 1, 99: age i tu secundum,

come, follow me! Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 1:

age, perge, quaeso,

id. Cist. 2, 3, 12:

age, da veniam filio,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 14:

age, age, nunc experiamur,

id. ib. 5, 4, 23:

age sis tu... delude,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 89; id. Ep. 3, 4, 39; Cic. Tusc. 2, 18; id. Rosc. Am. 16:

quanto ferocius ante se egerint, agedum eam solve cistulam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 151; id. Capt. 3, 4, 39:

Agedum vicissim dic,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 69; id. Eun. 4, 4, 27:

agedum humanis concede,

Lucr. 3, 962:

age modo hodie sero,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103:

age nuncjam,

id. And. 5, 2, 25:

En age, quid cessas,

Tib. 2, 2, 10:

Quare age,

Verg. A. 7, 429:

Verum age,

id. ib. 12, 832:

Quin age,

id. G. 4, 329:

en, age, Rumpe moras,

id. ib. 3, 43:

eia age,

id. A. 4, 569.—

In the plur.:

agite, pugni,

up, fists, and at 'em! Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146:

agite bibite,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 88; id. Stich. 1, 3, 68:

agite in modum dicite,

Cat. 61, 38:

Quare agite... conjungite,

id. 64, 372; Verg. A. 1, 627:

vos agite... volvite,

Val. Fl. 3, 311:

agite nunc, divites, plorate,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 1:

agitedum,

Liv. 3, 62.—Also age in the sing., with a verb in the plur. (cf. age tamnete, Hom. Od. 3, 332; age dê trapeiomen, id. Il. 3, 441):

age igitur, intro abite,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 54:

En agedum convertite,

Prop. 1, 1, 21:

mittite, agedum, legatos,

Liv. 38, 47:

Ite age,

Stat. Th. 10, 33:

Huc age adeste,

Sil. 11, 169.—

In transitions in discourse, well then! well now! well! (esp. in Cic. Or. very freq.). So in Plaut. for resuming discourse that has been interrupted: age, tu interea huic somnium narra, Curc. 2, 2, 5: nunc age, res quoniam docui non posse creari, etc., well now, since I have taught, etc., Lucr. 1, 266:

nunc age, quod superest, cognosce et clarius audi,

id. 1, 920; so id. 1, 952; 2, 62; 333; 730; 3, 418;

4, 109 al.: age porro, tu, qui existimari te voluisti interpretem foederum, cur, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22; so id. Rosc. Am. 16; id. Part. 12; id. Att. 8, 3.—And age (as in a.) with a verb in the plur.:

age vero, ceteris in rebus qualis sit temperantia considerate,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14; so id. Sull. 26; id. Mil. 21; id. Rosc. Am. 37.—

As a sign of assent, well! very well! good! right! Age, age, mansero, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 61: age, age, jam ducat;

dabo,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 57:

Age, veniam,

id. And. 4, 2, 30:

age, sit ita factum,

Cic. Mil. 19:

age sane,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 27; Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 119.

—Age, used with another verb in the imperative, regularly stands before it, but in poetry, for the sake of the metre, it,

Sometimes follows such verb; as,

In dactylic metre:

Cede agedum,

Prop. 5, 9, 54:

Dic age,

Verg. A. 6, 343; Hor. S. 2, 7, 92; Ov. F. 1, 149:

Esto age,

Pers. 2, 42:

Fare age,

Verg. A. 3, 362:

Finge age,

Ov. H. 7, 65:

Redde age,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 80:

Surge age,

Verg. A. 3, 169; 8, 59; 10, 241; Ov. H. 14, 73:

Vade age,

Verg. A. 3, 462; 4, 422; so,

agite: Ite agite,

Prop. 4, 3, 7.—

In other metres (very rarely):

appropera age,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 38:

dic age,

Hor. C. 1, [p. 77] 32, 3; 2, 11, 22;

3, 4, 1.—So also in prose (very rarely): Mittite agedum,

Liv. 38, 47:

procedat agedum ad pugnam,

id. 7, 9.—

It is often separated from such verb:

age me huc adspice,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 118; id. Capt. 5, 2, 1:

Age... instiga,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 10; 5, 6, 11:

Quare agite... conjungite,

Cat. 64, 372:

Huc age... veni,

Tib. 2, 5, 2:

Ergo age cervici imponere nostrae,

Verg. A. 2, 707:

en age segnis Rumpe moras,

id. G. 3, 42:

age te procellae Crede,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 62:

Age jam... condisce,

id. ib. 4, 11, 31; id. S. 2, 7, 4.—Hence,

ăgens, entis, P. a.

Adj.

Efficient, effective, powerful (only in the rhet. lang. of Cic.):

utendum est imaginibus agentibus, acribus, insignitis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 358:

acre orator, incensus et agens,

id. Brut. 92, 317.— Comp. and sup. not used.

Agentia verba, in the grammarians, for verba activa, Gell. 18, 12.—

Subst.: ăgentes, ium.

Under the emperors, a kind of secret police (also called frumentarii and curiosi), Aur. Vict. Caes. 39 fin.; Dig. 1, 12; 1, 20; 21; 22; 23, etc.; Amm. 15, 3; 14, 11 al.—

For agrimensores, land-surveyors, Hyg. Lim. p. 179.—

actus, a, um, P. a. Lit., that has been transacted in the Senate, in the forum, before the courts of justice, etc.; hence,

actum, i, n., a public transaction in the Senate, before the people, or before a single magistrate:

actum ejus, qui in re publica cum imperio versatus sit,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7:

acta Caesaris servanda censeo,

id. ib. 1, 7:

acta tui praeclari tribunatus,

id. Dom. 31.—

acta publĭca, or absol.: acta, orum, n., the register of public acts, records, journal. Julius Caesar, in his consulship, ordered that the doings of the Senate (diurna acta) should be made public, Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Ernest. Exc. 1;

but Augustus again prohibited it,

Suet. Aug. 36. Still the acts of the Senate were written down, and, under the succeeding emperors. certain senators were appointed to this office (actis vel commentariis Senatus conficiendis), Tac. A. 5, 4. They had also public registers of the transactions of the assemblies of the people, and of the different courts of justice;

also of births and deaths, marriages, divorces, etc., which were preserved as sources of future history.—Hence, diurna urbis acta,

the city journal, Tac. A. 13, 31:

acta populi,

Suet. Caes. 20:

acta publica,

Tac. A. 12, 24; Suet. Tib. 8; Plin. Ep. 7, 33:

urbana,

id. ib. 9, 15; which were all comprehended under the gen. name acta.

With the time added:

acta eorum temporum,

Plin. 7, 13, 11, § 60:

illius temporis,

Ascon. Mil. 44, 16:

ejus anni,

Plin. 2, 56, 57, § 147.—

Absol., Cic. Fam. 12, 8; 22, 1; 28, 3; Sen. Ben. 2, 10; 3, 16; Suet. Calig. 8; Quint. 9, 3; Juv. 2, 136: Quis dabit historico, quantum daret acta legenti, i. e. to the actuarius, q. v., id. 7, 104; cf. Bahr's Rom. Lit. Gesch. 303.—

acta triumphōrum, the public record of triumphs, fuller than the Fasti triumphales, Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 12.—

acta fŏri (v. Inscr. Grut. 445, 10), the records,

Of strictly historical transactions, Amm. 22, 3, 4; Dig. 4, 6, 33, § 1.—

Of matters of private right, as wills, gifts, bonds (acta ad jus privatorum pertinentia, Dig. 49, 14, 45, § 4), Fragm. Vat. §§ 249, 266, 268, 317.—

acta militarĭa, the daily records of the movements of a legion, Veg. R. R. 2, 19.

ăgo, egi, actum, 3, v. a. (axim = egerim, Pac. ap. Non. 505, 22; Paul. ex Fest. s. v. axitiosi, p. 3 Mull.;

axit = egerit,

Paul. Diac. 3, 3;

AGIER = agi,

Cic. Off. 3, 15;

agentum = agentium,

Vulc. Gall. Av. Cass. 4, 6) [cf. agô; Sanscr. ag, aghami = to go, to drive; agmas = way, train = ogmos; agis = race, contest = agôn; perh. also Germ. jagen, to drive, to hunt], to put in motion, to move (syn.: agitare, pellere, urgere).

Lit.

Of cattle and other animals, to lead, drive.

Absol.: agas asellum, Seip. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 258:

jumenta agebat,

Liv. 1, 48:

capellas ago,

Verg. E. 1, 13:

Pars quia non veniant pecudes, sed agantur, ab actu etc.,

Ov. F. 1, 323:

caballum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 36.—

With acc. of place, prep., sup., or inf.:

agere bovem Romam,

Curt. 1, 45:

equum in hostem,

id. 7, 4:

Germani in amnem aguntur,

Tac. H. 5, 21:

acto ad vallum equo,

id. A. 2, 13:

pecora per calles,

Curt. 7, 11:

per devia rura capellas,

Ov. M. 1, 676:

pecus pastum,

Varr. L. L. 6, 41, p. 88 Mull.:

capellas potum age,

Verg. E. 9, 23:

pecus egit altos Visere montes,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 7.—

Of men, to drive, lead, conduct, impel.

Absol.:

agmen agens equitum,

Verg. A. 7, 804.—

With prep., abl., or inf.:

vinctum ante se Thyum agebat,

Nep. Dat. 3:

agitur praeceps exercitus Lydorum in populos,

Sil. 4, 720:

(adulteram) maritus per omnem vicum verbere agit,

Tac. G. 19; Suet. Calig. 27:

captivos prae se agentes,

Curt. 7, 6; Liv. 23, 1:

acti ante suum quisque praedonem catenati,

Quint. 8, 3, 69:

captivos sub curribus agere,

Mart. 8, 26:

agimur auguriis quaerere exilia,

Verg. A. 3, 5;

and simple for comp.: multis milibus armatorum actis ex ea regione = coactis,

Liv. 44, 31.— In prose: agi, to be led, to march, to go:

quo multitudo omnis consternata agebatur,

Liv. 10, 29: si citius agi vellet agmen, that the army would move, or march on quicker, id. 2, 58:

raptim agmine acto,

id. 6, 28; so id. 23, 36; 25, 9.— Trop.:

egit sol hiemem sub terras,

Verg. G. 4, 51:

poemata dulcia sunto Et quocumque volent animum auditoris agunto,

lead the mind, Hor. A. P. 100. —Hence, poet.: se agere, to betake one's self, i. e. to go, to come (in Plaut. very freq.;

also in Ter., Verg., etc.): quo agis te?

where are you going? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 294:

unde agis te?

id. Most. 1, 4, 28; so id. ib. 3, 1, 31; id. Mil. 3, 2, 49; id. Poen. 1, 2, 120; id. Pers. 4, 3, 13; id. Trin. 4, 3, 71:

quo hinc te agis?

where are you going, Ter. And. 4, 2, 25:

Ecce gubernator sese Palinurus agebat,

was moving along, Verg. A. 6, 337:

Aeneas se matutinus agebat,

id. ib. 8, 465:

is enim se primus agebat,

for he strode on in front, id. ib. 9, 696.—Also without se:

Et tu, unde agis?

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 20:

Quo agis?

id. Pers. 2, 2, 34:

Huc age,

Tib. 2, 5, 2 (unless age is here to be taken with veni at the end of the line).—

To drive or carry off (animals or men), to steal, rob, plunder (usually abigere):

Et redigunt actos in sua rura boves,

Ov. F. 3, 64.—So esp. freq. of men or animals taken as booty in war, while ferre is used of portable things; hence, ferre et agere (as in Gr. agein kai pherein, Hom. Il. 5, 484; and reversed, pherein kai agein, in Hdt. and Xen.; cf.:

rapiunt feruntque,

Verg. A. 2, 374:

rapere et auferre,

Cic. Off. 1, 14), in gen., to rob, to plunder: res sociorum ferri agique vidit, Liv. 22, 3:

ut ferri agique res suas viderunt,

id. 38, 15; so id. 3, 37;

so also: rapere agereque: ut ex alieno agro raperent agerentque,

Liv. 22, 1, 2; but portari atque agi means to bear and carry, to bring together, in Caes. B. C. 2, 29 (as pherein kai agein in Plat. Phaedr. 279, C):

ne pulcram praedam agat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 3:

urbes, agros vastare, praedas agere,

Sall. J. 20, 8; 32, 3:

pecoris et mancipiorum praedas,

id. ib. 44, 5;

so eccl. Lat.: agere praedas de aliquo,

Vulg. Jud. 9, 16; ib. 1 Reg. 27, 8; cf. Gron. Obs. 3, 22, 633.—

To chase, pursue, press animals or men, to drive about or onwards in flight (for the usual agitare).

Of animals:

apros,

Verg. G. 3, 412:

cervum,

id. A. 7, 481; cf. id. ib. 4, 71:

citos canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

feros tauros,

Suet. Claud. 21.—

Of men:

ceteros ruerem, agerem,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21 (= prosequerer, premerem, Don.):

ita perterritos egerunt, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12:

Demoleos cursu palantis Troas agebat,

Verg. A. 5, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 574:

aliquem in exsilium,

Liv. 25, 2; so Just. 2, 9, 6; 16, 4, 4; 17, 3, 17;

22, 1, 16 al.: aliquem in fugam,

id. 16, 2, 3.—

Of inanimate or abstract objects, to move, impel, push forwards, advance, carry to or toward any point:

quid si pater cuniculos agat ad aerarium?

lead, make, Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:

egisse huc Alpheum vias,

made its way, Verg. A. 3, 695:

vix leni et tranquillo mari moles agi possunt,

carry, build out, Curt. 4, 2, 8:

cloacam maximam sub terram agendam,

to be carried under ground, Liv. 1, 56;

so often in the histt., esp. Caes. and Livy, as t. t., of moving forwards the battering engines: celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis,

pushed forwards, up, Caes. B. G. 2, 12 Herz.; so id. ib. 3, 21; 7, 17; id. B. C. 2, 1; Liv. 8, 16:

accelerant acta pariter testudine Volsci,

Verg. A. 9, 505 al.:

fugere colles campique videntur, quos agimus praeter navem, i. e. praeter quos agimus navem,

Lucr. 4, 391:

in litus passim naves egerunt,

drove the ships ashore, Liv. 22, 19:

ratem in amnem,

Ov. F. 1, 500:

naves in advorsum amnem,

Tac. H. 4, 22.— Poet.: agere navem, to steer or direct a ship, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 114; so,

agere currum,

to drive a chariot, Ov. M. 2, 62; 2, 388 al.—

To stir up, to throw out, excite, cause, bring forth (mostly poet.):

scintillasque agere ac late differre favillam,

to throw out sparks and scatter ashes far around, Lucr. 2, 675:

spumas ore,

Verg. G. 3, 203; so Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66:

piceum Flumen agit,

Verg. A. 9, 814:

qui vocem cubantes sensim excitant, eandemque cum egerunt, etc.,

when they have brought it forth, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251. —Hence, animam agere, to expel the breath of life, give up the ghost, expire:

agens animam spumat,

Lucr. 3, 493:

anhelans vaga vadit, animam agens,

Cat. 63, 31:

nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

Hortensius, cum has litteras scripsi, animam agebat,

id. Fam. 8, 13, 2; so Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

eodem tempore et gestum et animam ageres,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 8:

Est tanti habere animam ut agam?

Sen. Ep. 101, 12; and with a play upon words: semper agis causas et res agis, Attale, semper. Est, non est, quod agas, Attale, semper agis. Si res et causae desunt, agis, Attale, mulas;

Attale, ne quod agas desit, agas animam,

Mart. 1, 80.—

Of plants, to put forth or out, to shoot, extend:

(salices) gemmas agunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, 30:

florem agere coeperit ficus,

Col. R. R. 5, 10, 10:

frondem agere,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 45:

se ad auras palmes agit,

Verg. G. 2, 364:

(platanum) radices trium et triginta cubitorum egisse,

Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 15:

per glebas sensim radicibus actis,

Ov. M. 4, 254; so id. ib. 2, 583:

robora suas radices in profundum agunt,

Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 127.—Metaph.:

vera gloria radices agit,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

pluma in cutem radices egerat imas,

Ov. M. 2, 582.

Trop.

Spec., to guide, govern:

Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur,

Verg. A. 1, 574; cf. Forbig. ad h. 1., who considers it the only instance of this use, and compares a similar use of agô; v. L. and S. s. v. II. 2.—

In gen., to move, impel, excite, urge to a thing, to prompt or induce to:

si quis ad illa deus te agat,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 24:

una plaga ceteros ad certamen egit,

Liv. 9, 41; 8, 7; 39, 15: quae te, germane, furentem Mens agit in facinus? Ov. M. 5, 14:

totis mentibus acta,

Sil. 10, 191:

in furorem agere,

Quint. 6, 1, 31:

si Agricola in ipsam gloriam praeceps agebatur,

Tac. Agr. 41:

provinciam avaritia in bellum egerat,

id. A. 14, 32.—

To drive, stir up, excite, agitate, rouse vehemently (cf. agito, II.):

me amor fugat, agit,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 8:

agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3:

perpetua naturalis bonitas, quae nullis casibus neque agitur neque minuitur,

Nep. Att. 9, 1 Brem.:

opportunitas, quae etiam mediocres viros spe praedae transvorsos agit,

i. e. leads astray, Sall. J. 6, 3; 14, 20; so Sen. Ep. 8, 3.— To pursue with hostile intent, to persecute, disturb, vex, to attack, assail (for the usu. agitare; mostly poet.):

reginam Alecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi,

Verg. A. 7, 405:

non res et agentia (i. e. agitantia, vexantia) verba Lycamben,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 25:

acerba fata Romanos agunt,

id. Epod 7, 17:

diris agam vos,

id. ib. 5, 89:

quam deus ultor agebat,

Ov. M. 14, 750:

futurae mortis agor stimulis,

Luc. 4, 517; cf. Matth. ad Cic. Mur. § 21.—

To drive at something, to pursue a course of action, i. e. to make something an object of action; either in the most general sense, like the Engl. do and the Gr. prattein, for every kind of mental or physical employment; or, in a more restricted sense, to exhibit in external action, to act or perform, to deliver or pronounce, etc., so that after the act is completed nothing remains permanent, e. g. a speech, dance, play, etc. (while facere, to make, poiein, denotes the production of an object which continues to exist after the act is completed; and gerere, the performance of the duties of an office or calling).—On these significations, v. Varr. 6, 6, 62, and 6, 7, 64, and 6, 8, 72.—For the more restricted signif. v. Quint. 2, 18, 1 sq.; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 7, 12; Hab. Syn. 426.

In the most gen. signif., to do, act, labor, in opp. to rest or idleness.

With the gen. objects, aliquid, nihil, plus, etc.:

numquam se plus agere quam nihil cum ageret,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 (cf. with this, id. Off. 3, 1: numquam se minus otiosum esse quam cum otiosus esset): mihi, qui nihil agit, esse omnino non videtur. id. N. D. 2, 16, 46:

post satietatem nihil (est) agendum,

Cels. 1, 2.—Hence,

Without object:

aliud agendi tempus, aliud quiescendi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 53, 132; Juv. 16, 49:

agendi tempora,

Tac. H. 3, 40:

industria in agendo, celeritas in conficiendo,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 29.—

In colloquial lang., to do, to fare, get on: quid agis? what are you doing? M. Tulli, quid agis? Cic. Cat. 1, 11:

Quid agis?

What's your business? Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 9; also, How goes it with you? How are you? ti pratteis, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 20; Cic. Fam. 7, 11 al.; Hor. S. 1, 9, 4:

vereor, quid agat,

how he is, Cic. Att. 9, 17:

ut sciatis, quid agam,

Vulg. Ephes. 6, 21:

prospere agit anima tua,

fares well, ib. 3 Joan. 2:

quid agitur?

how goes it with you? how do you do? how are you? Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 17; 1, 5, 42; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 40:

Quid intus agitur?

is going on, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 20; id. Ps. 1, 5, 42 al.—

With nihil or non multum, to do, i. e. to effect, accomplish, achieve nothing, or not much (orig. belonging to colloquial lang., but in the class. per. even in oratorical and poet. style): nihil agit;

collum obstringe homini,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 29:

nihil agis,

you effect nothing, it is of no use, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 12:

nihil agis, dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61 Kuhn.; Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 10: cupis, inquit, abire; sed nihil agis;

usque tenebo,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 15:

[nihil agis,] nihil assequeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15 B. and K.:

ubi blanditiis agitur nihil,

Ov. M. 6, 685: egerit non multum, has not done much, Curt. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 29; cf. Ruhnk. ad Rutil. Lup. p. 120.—

In certain circumstances, to proceed, do, act, manage (mostly belonging to familiar style): Thr. Quid nunc agimus? Gn. Quin redimus, What shall we do now? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 41:

hei mihi! quid faciam? quid agam?

what shall I do? how shall I act? id. Ad. 5, 3, 3:

quid agam, habeo,

id. And. 3, 2, 18 (= quid respondeam habeo, Don.) al.:

sed ita quidam agebat,

was so acting, Cic. Lig. 7, 21: a Burro minaciter actum, Burrus [p. 75] proceeded to threats, Tac. A. 13, 21.—

To pursue, do, perform, transact (the most usual signif. of this word; in all periods; syn.: facere, efficere, transigere, gerere, tractare, curare): cui quod agat institutumst nullo negotio id agit, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 254 Vahl.): ut quae egi, ago, axim, verruncent bene, Pac. ap. Non. 505, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 114 Rib.):

At nihil est, nisi, dum calet, hoc agitur,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 92:

Ut id agam, quod missus huc sum,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 44: homines quae agunt vigilantes, agitantque, ea si cui in somno accidunt, minus mirum est, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

observabo quam rem agat,

what he is going to do, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 114:

Id quidem ago,

That is what I am doing, Verg. E. 9, 37:

res vera agitur,

Juv. 4, 35:

Jam tempus agires,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

utilis rebus agendis,

Juv. 14, 72:

grassator ferro agit rem,

does the business with a dagger, id. 3, 305; 6, 659 (cf.:

gladiis geritur res,

Liv. 9, 41):

nihil ego nunc de istac re ago,

do nothing about that matter, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 8:

postquam id actumst,

after this is accomplished, id. Am. 1, 1, 72; so,

sed quid actumst?

id. Ps. 2, 4, 20:

nihil aliud agebam nisi eum defenderem,

Cic. Sull. 12:

ne quid temere ac fortuitu, inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

id. Off. 1, 29:

agamus quod instat,

Verg. E. 9, 66:

renuntiaverunt ei omnia, quae egerant,

Vulg. Marc. 6, 30; ib. Act. 5, 35:

suum negotium agere,

to mind one's business, attend to one's own affairs, Cic. Off. 1, 9; id. de Or. 3, 55, 211; so,

ut vestrum negotium agatis,

Vulg. 1 Thess. 4, 11:

neque satis Bruto constabat, quid agerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

postquam res in Africa gestas, quoque modo actae forent, fama divolgavit,

Sall. J. 30, 1:

sed tu delibera, utrum colloqui malis an per litteras agere quae cogitas,

Nep. Con. 3, 8 al. —With the spec. idea of completing, finishing: jucundi acti labores, a proverb in Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105.—

To pursue in one's mind, to drive at, to revolve, to be occupied with, think upon, have in view, aim at (cf. agito, II. E., volvo and voluto):

nescio quid mens mea majus agit,

Ov. H. 12, 212:

hoc variis mens ipsa modis agit,

Val. Fl. 3, 392:

agere fratri proditionem,

Tac. H. 2, 26:

de intranda Britannia,

id. Agr. 13.—

With a verbal subst., as a favorite circumlocution for the action indicated by the subst. (cf. in Gr. agô with verbal subst.):

rimas agere (sometimes ducere),

to open in cracks, fissures, to crack, Cic. Att. 14, 9; Ov. M. 2, 211; Luc. 6, 728: vos qui regalis corporis custodias agitis, keep watch over, guard, Naev. ap. Non. 323, 1; so Liv. 5, 10:

vigilias agere,

Cic. Verr. 4, 43, 93; Nep. Thras. 4; Tac. H. 3, 76:

excubias alicui,

Ov. F. 3, 245:

excubias,

Tac. H. 4, 58:

pervigilium,

Suet. Vit. 10:

stationem agere,

to keep guard, Liv. 35, 29; Tac. H. 1, 28:

triumphum agere,

to triumph, Cic. Fam. 3, 10; Ov. M. 15, 757; Suet. Dom. 6:

libera arbitria agere,

to make free decisions, to decide arbitrarily, Liv. 24, 45; Curt. 6, 1, 19; 8, 1, 4:

paenitentiam agere,

to exercise repentance, to repent, Quint. 9, 3, 12; Petr. S. 132; Tac. Or. 15; Curt. 8, 6, 23; Plin. Ep. 7, 10; Vulg. Lev. 5, 5; ib. Matt. 3, 2; ib. Apoc. 2, 5:

silentia agere,

to maintain silence, Ov. M. 1, 349:

pacem agere,

Juv. 15, 163:

crimen agere,

to bring accusation, to accuse, Cic. Verr. 4, 22, 48:

laborem agere,

id. Fin. 2, 32:

cursus agere,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 95:

delectum agere,

to make choice, to choose, Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 107; Quint. 10, 4, 5:

experimenta agere,

Liv. 9, 14; Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 18:

mensuram,

id. 15, 3, 4, § 14:

curam agere,

to care for, Ov. H. 15, 302; Quint. 8, prooem. 18:

curam ejus egit,

Vulg. Luc. 10, 34:

oblivia agere,

to forget, Ov. M. 12, 540:

nugas agere,

to trifle, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 29; id. As. 1, 1, 78, and often:

officinas agere,

to keep shop, Inscr. Orell. 4266.—So esp.: agere gratias ( poet. grates; never in sing. gratiam), to give thanks, to thank; Gr. charin echein ( habere gratiam is to be or feel grateful; Gr. charin eidenai; and referre gratiam, to return a favor, requite; Gr. charin apodidonai; cf. Bremi ad Nep. Them. 8, 7):

diis gratias pro meritis agere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26:

Haud male agit gratias,

id. Aul. 4, 4, 31:

Magnas vero agere gratias Thais mihi?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 1:

Dis magnas merito gratias habeo atque ago,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 80: Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter, Cic. Fam. 1, 10: immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam;

nam relaturum me adfirmare non possum,

id. ib. 10, 11, 1: maximas tibi omnes gratias agimus, C. Caesar;

majores etiam habemus,

id. Marcell. 11, 33:

Trebatio magnas ago gratias, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 11, 28, 8: renuntiate gratias regi me agere;

referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37: grates tibi ago, summe Sol, vobisque, reliqui Caelites, * Cic. Rep. 6, 9:

gaudet et invito grates agit inde parenti,

Ov. M. 2, 152; so id. ib. 6, 435; 484; 10, 291; 681; 14, 596; Vulg. 2 Reg. 8, 10; ib. Matt. 15, 36 al.;

and in connection with this, laudes agere: Jovis fratri laudes ago et grates gratiasque habeo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:

Dianae laudes gratesque agam,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 2; so,

diis immortalibus laudesque et grates egit,

Liv. 26, 48:

agi sibi gratias passus est,

Tac. Agr. 42; so id. H. 2, 71; 4, 51; id. A. 13, 21; but oftener grates or gratis in Tac.:

Tiberius egit gratis benevolentiae patrum, A. 6, 2: agit grates,

id. H. 3, 80; 4, 64; id. A. 2, 38; 2, 86; 3, 18; 3, 24; 4, 15 al.—

Of time, to pass, spend (very freq. and class.): Romulus in caelo cum dis agit aevom, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; so Pac. id. ib. 2, 21, 49, and Hor. S. 1, 5, 101:

tempus,

Tac. H. 4, 62; id. A. 3, 16: domi aetatem, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6:

aetatem in litteris,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

senectutem,

id. Sen. 3, 7; cf. id. ib. 17, 60:

dies festos,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48; Tac. G. 17:

otia secura,

Verg. G. 3, 377; Ov. F. 1, 68; 4, 926:

ruri agere vitam,

Liv. 7, 39, and Tac. A. 15, 63:

vitam in terris,

Verg. G. 2, 538:

tranquillam vitam agere,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 2, 2:

Hunc (diem) agerem si,

Verg. A. 5, 51:

ver magnus agebat Orbis,

id. G. 2, 338:

aestiva agere,

to pass, be in, summer quarters, Liv. 27, 8; 27, 21; Curt. 5, 8, 24.— Pass.:

menses jam tibi esse actos vides,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 2:

mensis agitur hic septimus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 34, and Ov. M. 7, 700:

melior pars acta (est) diei,

Verg. A. 9, 156; Juv. 4, 66; Tac. A. 15, 63:

acta est per lacrimas nox,

Ov. H. 12, 58 Ruhnk.:

tunc principium anni agebatur,

Liv. 3, 6:

actis quindecim annis in regno,

Just. 41, 5, 9:

Nona aetas agitur,

Juv. 13, 28 al. —With annus and an ordinal, to be of a certain age, to be so old:

quartum annum ago et octogesimum,

am eighty-four years old, Cic. Sen. 10, 32:

Annum agens sextum decimum patrem amisit,

Suet. Caes. 1.—Metaph.: sescentesimum et quadragesimum annum urbs nostra agebat, was in its 640 th year, Tac. G. 37.— Hence also absol. (rare), to pass or spend time, to live, to be, to be somewhere:

civitas laeta agere,

was joyful, Sall. J. 55, 2:

tum Marius apud primos agebat,

id. ib. 101, 6:

in Africa, qua procul a mari incultius agebatur,

id. ib. 89, 7:

apud illos homines, qui tum agebant,

Tac. A. 3, 19:

Thracia discors agebat,

id. ib. 3, 38:

Juxta Hermunduros Naristi agunt,

Tac. G. 42:

ultra jugum plurimae gentes agunt,

id. ib. 43:

Gallos trans Padum agentes,

id. H. 3, 34:

quibus (annis) exul Rhodi agit,

id. A. 1, 4:

agere inter homines desinere,

id. ib. 15, 74:

Vitellius non in ore volgi agere,

was not in the sight of the people, id. H. 3, 36:

ante aciem agere,

id. G. 7; and:

in armis agere,

id. A. 14, 55 = versari.—

In the lang. of offerings, t. t., to despatch the victim, to kill, slay. In performing this rite, the sacrificer asked the priest, agone, shall I do it? and the latter answered, age or hoc age, do it:

qui calido strictos tincturus sanguine cultros semper, Agone? rogat, nec nisi jussus agit,

Ov. F. 1. 321 (cf. agonia and agonalia):

a tergo Chaeream cervicem (Caligulae) gladio caesim graviter percussisse, praemissa voce,

hoc age, Suet. Calig. 58; id. Galb. 20. —This call of the priest in act of solemn sacrifice, Hoc age, warned the assembled multitude to be quiet and give attention; hence hoc or id and sometimes haec or istuc agere was used for, to give attention to, to attend to, to mind, heed; and followed by ut or ne, to pursue a thing, have it in view, aim at, design, etc.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 1, 2, 15, and Suet. Calig. 58: hoc agite, Plaut. As. prol. init.:

Hoc age,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 152; id. Ep. 1, 6, 31:

Hoc agite, of poetry,

Juv. 7, 20:

hoc agamus,

Sen. Clem. 1, 12:

haec agamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49:

agere hoc possumus,

Lucr. 1, 41; 4, 969; Juv. 7, 48:

hoccine agis an non? hoc agam,

id. ib., Ter. And. 1, 2, 15; 2, 5, 4:

nunc istuc age,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 3 al.:

Hoc egit civis Romanus ante te nemo,

Cic. Lig. 4, 11:

id et agunt et moliuntur,

id. Mur. 38:

(oculi, aures, etc.) quasi fenestrae sunt animi, quibus tamen sentire nihil queat mens, nisi id agat et adsit,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: qui id egerunt, ut gentem... collocarent, aimed at this, that, etc., id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:

qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

keep it in view, that, id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis, an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?

id. Lig. 6, 18:

Hoc agit, ut doleas,

Juv. 5, 157:

Hoc age, ne mutata retrorsum te ferat aura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 88:

Quid tuus ille destrictus gladius agebat?

have in view, mean, Cic. Leg. 3, 9:

Quid aliud egimus nisi ut, quod hic potest, nos possemus?

id. ib. 4, 10:

Sin autem id actum est, ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur,

id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

certiorem eum fecit, id agi, ut pons dissolveretur,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

ego id semper egi, ne bellis interessem,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7.—Also, the opp.: alias res or aliud agere, not to attend to, heed, or observe, to pursue secondary or subordinate objects: Ch. Alias res agis. Pa. Istuc ago equidem, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 57; id. Hec. 5, 3, 28:

usque eo animadverti eum jocari atque alias res agere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22:

atqui vides, quam alias res agamus,

id. de Or. 3, 14, 51; id. Brut. 66, 233:

aliud agens ac nihil ejusmodi cogitans,

id. Clu. 64.—

In relation to public affairs, to conduct, manage, carry on, administer: agere bellum, to carry on or wage war (embracing the whole theory and practice of war, while bellum gerere designates the bodily and mental effort, and the bearing of the necessary burdens; and bellum facere, the actual outbreak of hostile feelings, v. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 28):

qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum agere instituerunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

Antiochus si tam in agendo bello parere voluisset consiliis ejus (Hannibalis) quam in suscipiendo instituerat, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3; Curt. 4, 10, 29:

aliena bella mercedibus agere,

Mel. 1, 16:

Bellaque non puero tractat agenda puer,

Ov. A. A. 1, 182 (also in id. Tr. 2, 230, Gron. Observ. 2, 3, 227, for the usu. obit, with one MS., reads agit; so Merkel).— Poet.:

Martem for bellum,

Luc. 4, 2: agere proelium, to give battle (very rare):

levibus proeliis cum Gallis actis,

Liv. 22, 9.—Of offices, employments, etc., to conduct, exercise, administer, hold:

forum agere,

to hold court, Cic. Fam. 8, 6; and:

conventus agere,

to hold the assizes, id. Verr. 5, 11, 28; Caes. B. G. 1, 54; 6, 44;

used of the governors of provinces: judicium agere,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120:

vivorum coetus agere,

to make assemblies of, to assemble, Tac. A. 16, 34:

censum agere,

Liv. 3, 22; Tac. A. 14, 46; Suet. Aug. 27:

recensum agere,

id. Caes. 41:

potestatem agere,

Flor. 1, 7, 2:

honorem agere,

Liv. 8, 26:

regnum,

Flor. 1, 6, 2:

rem publicam,

Dig. 4, 6, 35, § 8:

consulatum,

Quint. 12, 1, 16:

praefecturam,

Suet. Tib. 6:

centurionatum,

Tac. A. 1, 44:

senatum,

Suet. Caes. 88:

fiscum agere,

to have charge of the treasury, id. Dom. 12:

publicum agere,

to collect the taxes, id. Vesp. 1:

inquisitionem agere,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 18:

curam alicujus rei agere,

to have the management of, to manage, Liv. 6, 15; Suet. Claud. 18:

rei publicae curationem agens,

Liv. 4, 13: dilectum agere, to make a levy, to levy (postAug. for dilectum habere, Cic., Caes., Sall.), Quint. 12, 3, 5; Tac. A. 2, 16; id. Agr. 7 and 10; id. H. 2, 16, 12; Suet. Calig. 43. —

Of civil and political transactions in the senate, the forum, before tribunals of justice, etc., to manage or transact, to do, to discuss, plead, speak, deliberate; constr. aliquid or de aliqua re:

velim recordere, quae ego de te in senatu egerim, quae in contionibus dixerim,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2; 1, 9:

de condicionibus pacis,

Liv. 8, 37:

de summa re publica,

Suet. Caes. 28:

cum de Catilinae conjuratione ageretur in curia,

id. Aug. 94:

de poena alicujus,

Liv. 5, 36:

de agro plebis,

id. 1, 46.—Hence the phrase: agere cum populo, of magistrates, to address the people in a public assembly, for the purpose of obtaining their approval or rejection of a thing (while [p. 76] agere ad populum signifies to propose, to bring before the people):

cum populo agere est rogare quid populum, quod suffragiis suis aut jubeat aut vetet,

Gell. 13, 15, 10:

agere cum populo de re publica,

Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 12; id. Lael. 25, 96:

neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat neve cum populo agat,

Sall. C. 51, 43.—So also absol.:

hic locus (rostra) ad agendum amplissimus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1:

Metellus cum agere coepisset, tertio quoque verbo orationis suae me appellabat,

id. Fam. 5, 2.— Transf. to common life.

Agere cum aliquo, de aliquo or re or ut, to treat, deal, negotiate, confer, talk with one about a person or thing; to endeavor to persuade or move one, that, etc.: nihil age tecum (sc. cum odore vini);

ubi est ipsus (vini lepos)?

I have nothing to do with you, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 11:

Quae (patria) tecum, Catilina, sic agit,

thus pleads, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 18:

algae Inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo,

Juv. 4, 49:

haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant,

thus treated together, Verg. A. 11, 445:

de quo et praesens tecum egi diligenter, et scripsi ad te accurate antea,

Cic. Fam. 13, 75:

egi cum Claudia et cum vestra sorore Mucia, ut eum ab illa injuria deterrerent,

id. ib. 5, 2:

misi ad Metellum communes amicos, qui agerent cum eo, ut de illa mente desisteret,

id. ib. 5, 2:

Callias quidam egit cum Cimone, ut eam (Elpinicen) sibi uxorem daret,

Nep. Cim. 1, 3.—Also absol.:

Alcibiades praesente vulgo agere coepit,

Nep. Alc. 8, 2:

si qua Caesares obtinendae Armeniae egerant,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

ut Lucretius agere varie, rogando alternis suadendoque coepit,

Liv. 2, 2.—In Suet. once agere cum senatu, with acc. and inf., to propose or state to the Senate:

Tiberius egit cum senatu non debere talia praemia tribui,

Suet. Tib. 54.—

With the advv. bene, praeclare, male, etc., to deal well or ill with one, to treat or use well or ill:

facile est bene agere cum eis, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 14, 11:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade, si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, 3 ext.; Vulg. Jud. 9, 16:

praeclare cum aliquo agere,

Cic. Sest. 23:

Male agis mecum,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 21:

qui cum creditoribus suis male agat,

Cic. Quinct. 84; and:

tu contra me male agis,

Vulg. Jud. 11, 27.—Freq. in pass., to be or go well or ill with one, to be well or badly off:

intelleget secum actum esse pessime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50:

praeclare mecum actum puto,

id. Fam. 9, 24; so id. ib. 5, 18: exstat cujusdam non inscitus jocus bene agi potuisse cum rebus humanis, si Domitius pater talem habuisset uxorem, it would have gone well with human affairs, been well for mankind, if, etc., Suet. Ner. 28.—Also absol. without cum: agitur praeclare, si nosmet ipsos regere possumus, it is well done if, etc., it is a splendid thing if, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 14:

vivitur cum eis, in quibus praeclare agitur si sunt simulacra virtutis,

id. Off. 1, 15:

bene agitur pro noxia,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Of transactions before a court or tribunal.

Aliquid agere ex jure, ex syngrapha, ex sponso, or simply the abl. jure, lege, litibus, obsignatis tabellis, causa, to bring an action or suit, to manage a cause, to plead a case:

ex jure civili et praetorio agere,

Cic. Caecin. 12:

tamquam ex syngrapha agere cum populo,

to litigate, id. Mur. 17:

ex sponso egit,

id. Quint. 9: Ph. Una injuriast Tecum. Ch. Lege agito ergo, Go to law, then, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90:

agere lege in hereditatem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175; Ov. F. 1, 48; Liv. 9, 46:

cum illo se lege agere dicebat,

Nep. Tim. 5: summo jure agere, to assert or claim one's right to the full extent of the law, Cic. Off. 1, 11:

non enim gladiis mecum, sed litibus agetur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 4:

causa quam vi agere malle,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

tabellis obsignatis agis mecum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

Jure, ut opinor, agat, jure increpet inciletque,

with right would bring her charge, Lucr. 3, 963; so,

Castrensis jurisdictio plura manu agens,

settles more cases by force, Tac. Agr. 9:

ubi manu agitur,

when the case is settled by violent hands, id. G. 36.—

Causam or rem agere, to try or plead a case; with apud, ad, or absol.:

causam apud centumviros egit,

Cic. Caecin. 24:

Caesar cum ageret apud censores,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 10; so with adversus:

egi causam adversus magistratus,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 13, 11:

orator agere dicitur causam,

Varr. L. L. 6, 42: causam isto modo agere, Cic. Lig. 4, 10; Tac. Or. 5; 11; 14; Juv. 2, 51; 14, 132:

agit causas liberales,

Cic. Fam. 8, 9: qui ad rem agendam adsunt, M. Cael. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 51:

cum (M. Tullius) et ipsam se rem agere diceret,

Quint. 12, 10, 45: Gripe, accede huc;

tua res agitur,

is being tried, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 104; Quint. 8, 3, 13;

and extra-judicially: rogo ad Caesarem meam causam agas,

Cic. Fam. 5, 10:

Una (factio) populi causam agebat, altera optimatum,

Nep. Phoc. 3; so, agere, absol., to plead' ad judicem sic agi solet, Cic. Lig. 10:

tam solute agere, tam leniter,

id. Brut. 80:

tu istuc nisi fingeres, sic ageres?

id. ib. 80; Juv. 7, 143 and 144; 14, 32.— Transf. to common life; with de or acc., to discuss, treat, speak of:

Sed estne hic ipsus, de quo agebam?

of whom I was speaking, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53:

causa non solum exponenda, sed etiam graviter copioseque agenda est,

to be discussed, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 12; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37:

Samnitium bella, quae agimus,

are treating of, Liv. 10, 31.—Hence,